What exactly is superconductivity and why should engineers care?Superconductors are materials that conduct electricity without resistance. They're commonly used in electrical components such as power transmission lines, transformers, magnets, and generators.Engineers often face challenges when designing or building new products, especially those involving superconductive materials. Knowing the basics of superconductor science can significantly improve their efficiency.What is Superconductivity?Superconductivity is a phenomenon where electrons flow without any electrical resistance at certain temperatures. When they do, they become completely still and have no electrical charge. Superconductors are materials that exhibit this behavior. In fact, scientists use them to make magnets, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, and particle accelerators.Why does this matter?Engineers need superconducting materials to build high-speed trains, MRI machines, and particle accelerator magnets. These devices require extreme amounts of electricity, and the current flowing through these parts cannot be interrupted. If the material doesn't work as expected, then the device won't function properly.What makes superconductors special?There are several types of superconductors, including ceramic metals and ceramics, metal oxides, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon. Each type of material offers its own advantages and disadvantages. Ceramic metals and ceramics are some of the best options for engineers because they offer good mechanical stability and chemical stability. Their downside is their low conductivity. Metal oxides are versatile materials, but they're not stable enough to withstand the high temperature environments needed for engineering applications. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon is the only semiconductor material that exhibits superconductivity. However, it's expensive and difficult to produce.
