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Adjective for Competitive Exams

Adjective

Adjectives is a words used to qualify  noun or pronoun.

Adjective comes before noun or  after a verb.

Examples

He is a fast bowler.

Sita is a good girl.

She is a kind lady.

Your knowledge seems good.

Radhika is a beautiful girl.

We are praising the The Rich – (The Rich is noun)

She writes meaningless sentences.

Ram met a homeless person in Mumbai.    

Denominal Adjective

     Denominal adjective are those which are derived from nouns.

A biological data is needed.

There is mathematical puzzle in this chapter.

She married an Australian man.

I have buy woollen stuff for winters.

Comparing Adjectives :-

This house is bigger than mine.

Priyanka is taller than Rekha.

She is more intelligent than Sahil.

Compound Adjectives:-

It is a single adjective made up of more than one word.

That was a cold-blooded murder.

These kids are well-behaved.

Neerali was a part-time worker in her previous firm.

Rule:-   When an article “The”  is used with adjective then it acts as a noun.

Such as The Rich, The Poor, etc.

Eg:- We are praising the Rich.

Eg:- Government has to make policies for the poor.

Note:- These nouns made up by adjective are written in singular form and treats as plural.

Rule:- Noun+ly = Adjective

Eg:-  “Friend” +”ly” = Friendly

Eg:-  “Cost”+”ly”     = Costly

Rule:-  Adjective+ly = Adverb

Eg:– “Slow”+”ly” = Slowly

Eg:– “Fast” + “ly” = Fastly

Other Examples Of Adjective

She has two doubts to ask.

Who came first in the class.

We have some ways to differentiate the class.

Classification Of Adjective

Adjective Of Quality:– Adjective that shows the quality of a person or a thing. 

Such as Poor, nice, long, short, strong, thin, fat, honest, brave, sharp,

red, blue, black, colours name. Eg:- An honest man

Adjective Of Quality:– Adjective that shows how much of a thing is meant.

Such as  some milk, enough oil, Sufficient sugar,

No manners, lots of,  all, much, any, less, a lot of, little, whole, amount of.  

Adjective Of Number:– Adjective that shows how many persons or things

are meant or in what order a person or a thing stands.

Such as Few, All, Some, a lot of, first, second, one, two, certain.

Eg:- All the money is wasted.

Demonstrative Adjectives:– Points out which person or thing is meant.

          Such as This boy, That group, These people, Those Countries.

Note:- If this, that, these and those are  immediately followed by a noun

then these words are called demonstrative adjectives whereas

if these words are immediately followed by a verb, then    

  these words are called as demonstrative pronoun.

Eg:- Please give me that book

That  is the demonstrative adjective in the above sentence since book is a common noun.

E.g:- That is my cricket kit.

That is a demonstrative adjective in a above sentence as it placed near verb.

Distributive Adjective:– It refers to each one of the number.

Such as  Each, Every, Either, Neither, Anyone, None, etc.

Note:- If Each, Every, Either, Neither, Anyone and None are  immediately

followed by a noun then these words are called distributive adjectives

whereas if these words are immediately followed by a verb,

then these words are called as distributive pronoun.

Eg:-  Each candidate is present.

Candidate is common noun therefore each is acting as demonstrative adjective.

Eg:- Every girl is present in last class

Girl is common noun therefore each is acting as demonstrative adjective.

Possessive Adjectives:- It shows possession. Such as  my, your, our, their, his, her, its.

Eg:-  This is my book.

‘My’ is acting as possessive adjective because it is placed near common noun i.e. book.

Eg:-  This book is mine.

‘Mine’ is acting as possessive pronoun because it is placed near verb.

Interrogative adjectives:- which, who, whom, whose are

called interrogative adjectives when these words are  immediately followed by noun.

Eg:- What colour is your folder?

What is Interrogative adjective because it is immediately followed by common noun i.e. Colour.

Eg:- What did you do?

What is Interrogative pronoun because it is immediately followed by verb.

Note:- Any word which is used to describe noun or placed before

noun is called adjective and the word which is used in place of noun is called pronoun.

Eg:- These are few options in your science test. (Demonstrative pronoun)

Eg:- Every option has a certain levels.(Distributive adjective)

Correct Uses Of Some Adjectives

Uses of Little, A little and The little

Little :– Used for negative sense and for singular uncountable noun.

Eg:- Manisha has little money.

Eg:- Ram has little work to do.

A Little:- Small quantity and used for singular uncountable noun.

Eg:- A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

Eg:- A little freedom is necessary for kids.

The Little:- Not Much but all that is available.Used used for singular uncountable noun.

Eg:- I hope you will be contended with the little wine left wine in the jar.  

Eg:- Rama spent the little money she had..

 Use of Few, A few and The few

Few:- Means hardly any. Used in negative sense and for plural countable noun.

Eg:- Sham read few books.

Eg:- Rashmi need few documentary projects.

A Few:- Small quantity but not much and used for plural countable noun.

Eg:- I requested him to bring me a few books.

Eg:- Shamita read a few books of history.

The Few:- Not many but all that are available and used for plural countable noun.

Eg:- The few days left I passed in her company were exciting.

Eg:- I hope the few moments we had were memorable.

Use Many, Much, Some, Any

Many used for countable Noun

Much used for uncountable noun.

Some used for countable and uncountable noun

Any used for negative sentences.

Eg:- It seems you have many more examples to quote.

Eg:- Many times you go wrong.

Eg:- Already much time has been wasted in discussing the issue.

Eg:- I have some milk.

Eg:- She has some ways to explain her theory.

Eg:- I don’t have any bicycle.

Use Of Less(uncountable) And Fewer(countable):-

Eg:- She has given me Rs10 fewer to the shopkeeper – wrong

      She has given me Rs10 less to the shopkeeper – correct

Because Rs10 is less from how much amount is not mentioned.

Therefore, it is a case of Uncountable noun.

Eg:-The shopkeeper received Rs100 less than the original amount. – wrong

      The shopkeeper received Rs100 fewer than the original amount. – correct

It is a case of countable noun because original amount has been mentioned here.

Use Of Utmost(most extreme, greatest)/Outermost(furthermost from the centre):-

Eg:- You are the utmost source of help for your family.

Eg:- Core is the outermost layer of the Earth.

Rule:- When ‘one’ is chosen out of more than two then the superlative

degree is used and is preceded by ‘the’ and followed by ‘of’.

Eg:- Ram is the best of the three chess players.

Eg:- Shama is the best of the five students.

Rule:- Adjectives ends with ‘ior’ are followed by ‘to’ and not ‘than’ such as Superior, Inferior , Junior, prior, anterior, posterior.

Eg:- Sneha is senior to Radhika.

Rule:-  Adjectives such as supreme, impossible, round, square,

triangular, interior, exterior, ulterior, major, minor, empty,

excellent, circular, extreme, chief, entire, complete, perfect,

final, last, unique, universal, eternal, everlasting, ideal,

absolute and impossible are not used in comparative and superlative degree.

Rule:- Some adjectives are used only in positive and superlative degree,

not in comparative degree .

Positive Superlative Top Topmost Northern Northernmost Southern Southernmost Eastern Easternmost Western Westernmost

Rule:-  Adjectives like ‘Preferrable’ is used only in comparative degree and followed by ‘to’.

Eg:- Red colour is preferable to yellow.

Rule:- If the two adjectives are used for single noun or

if both the adjectives are connected by a  conjunction

than the adjectives must be in same degree.

Eg:- Lala Lajpat Rai was the noblest and wisest of all the leaders.

Rule:- If adjectives of size, colour, age, etc come

together in a sentence then it should be used in the following order.  

Opinion ->Size -> Age -> Shape -> Colour -> Origin -> Material -> Purpose.

Order is OSASCOMP

Eg:- The thief flashed a big(size) sharp(shape) knife

and asked the cashier to fill the black leather bag with money.

Eg:- They are looking for a dark2colourangry3emotiontall1sizehandsome4quality man – wrong

Eg:- They are looking for a tall dark angry handsome man – correct

Rule:- If any adjective has less than three vowels then

we must add ‘er’ or ‘est’ in order to make a degree.

Clever Cleverer Cleverest Fast Faster Fastest Slow Slower Slowest Big Bigger Biggest

Note :-  Those adjectives which do not have any vowel are also included in above rule.

Shy Shier Shiest Dry Drier Driest

Note:- Honest is an exception as it gives silent sound of vowel so it does not follow above rule.

Honest More honest Most honest

Rule:- If any adjective contains three or more than

three vowel then more/most will be used for those adjectives.

Intelligent More intelligent Most intelligent Beautiful More beautiful Most beautiful Horrible More horrible Most horrible

Note:- No degree is used for colour.

Rule:-  Words such as unique, perfect, major, minor,

complete, final, full, whole – gives superlative sense.

So, no need to put degree with them.

Rule:-  Many nouns are a part of compound adjectives and they never come in plural form.

Eg:-  I delivered a two-hours lecture.- wrong.

        I delivered a two-hour lecture.  – correct.

Eg:-  He delivered me two hundred-rupees notes. -wrong.

       He delivered me two hundred-rupee notes.- correct

Rule:- If a noun works as an adjective, it cannot be in plural form.

   Eg:- Lasers are indispensable tools for delicate eyes surgery. – wrong