#ibidium

 Recently, Bloomberg News reported that a senator in Chile has insisted that his country is more active in taking control of its vast deposits of lithium metal (30 September 2009). So why would Senator Nuñez Chilean suddenly be so passionate and possessive about the battery lying in his country ... and, better still, why is this news? Perhaps there was a dramatic rash cases of manic-depressive since the last lunar eclipse. This is the question of drugs for purposes lithium caused a spike like never before? Or, with increases in temperature under global warming, perhaps people were scurrying to their nearest Home Depot, grabbing as much (based on lithium), heat-resistant glass can. Well, actually, Senator actions most likely related to the significant growth in demand for batteries for their vital role in building ... electric cars. Why, you ask? Well, more specificlally, a large amount of lithium is necessary for the production of large lithium-ion batteries currently used for the expansion of the market for electric cars. And, unless you have been trapped under the transmission of the internal combustion engine for the past several months, we know that the latest full-hybrid-electric cars and are almost ready to break out of their car show exclusive niche and roll in the showroom of your local car dealerships. As for the developed countries' for green technology and energy independence reached its peak in recent years, both companies start-up electric cars and cheese established ones have pushed their pedal to the metal in the creation of efficient, progressive, and (almost) cost-effective electric vehicles to sell to the American family every day. We started to use much smaller lithium-ion batteries for mobile phones and laptop computers ten years ago. The advantage of lithium ion batteries over traditional lead-acid batteries or zinc is its nature and its rechargeable high energy density and the electrochemical potential. According to some estimates (australianlithium.com, others), a typical lithium-ion cell capable of generating about 3 volts, while a lead-acid battery produces 1.5 volts. Companies such as Boston Power, A123 Systems, and South Korea's LG Chem has designed, developed and improved and innovative changes to the chemistry of these lithium batteries, as well as the electronics that control them, in recent years. They did this with hundreds of millions of dollars in loans backed by conglomerates like General Electric, General Motors, Chrysler and NEC. Results. General Motors will launch the most discussed of these cars lithium-ion-based all-electric, the Volt (or amps, as sold in Europe) in local showrooms in late 2010. According to the latest estimates from U.S. News & World Report (accessed 10 October), the price will be $ 40,000, with a $ 7,500 federal tax rebate available after that price. Mitsubishi all-electric i-MiEV will go on sale again next year, but, first, only in Japan. The Economist estimated Mitsubishi to have a price of $ 49,000, which could be cut almost in half by the time the car will be sold abroad. The Tesla Roadster was one of the first large-scale electric cars to go on sale to the general market, in 2007. The roadster can reach 60 km / h in just four seconds and has a top speed of 130 mph. The "general market" is a term used more freely for the Tesla machine as costs a mere $ 121,000, not the typical American family spending adjustment by Aerostar in SUV mobile.In addition of plug-in electric at a time and i-MiEV, other electric cars are expected from Toyota (as expected), Fiat, Renault-Nissan alliance (the "Leaf" may launch in 2010) and Daimler. Although the American public may not trade in its entire fleet of vehicles for domestic-combustine those all-electric as fast as some of us traded in our car to clunker cash earlier this year, there will be a gradual change paradigm in the panorama of car buying in the next twenty years, according to various studies and estimates. As Yahoo News reported, Renault chief Carlos Ghosn believes that by 2020, electric cars are up more than 10 percent of the market cars, and that the company's strategic alliance with Nissan, Zero Emissions Vehicle strategy the group's top during the battle against CO2 emissions. Oliver Wyman Consulting, in a study published last month (September 2009), believes that the market share will go to 16 percent in 2025 and rise further after that, while IDTechEx, a consulting company in the form of research in Cambridge, England, says that electric vehicles will penetrate the market quickly in order to constitute 35% of cars manufactured in 2025. And, if we continue to manufacture the batteries needed to power these cars in a similar way to how we produce the batteries today, which is a lot of battery that will be needed at the beginning of the supply chain. No wonder that some in the government of Chile is eager to pounce on this resource.Lithium - now considered a "strategic mineral" - can be found mainly in the dry Atacama Desert, which covers parts of Bolivia, Argentina, Chile and mentioned above. There are some reserves of lithium in the United States, China and Australia. However, according to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), almost half of the world's known reserves are in Bolivia, and only two brine operations in Chile dominate the world market today. Rockwood Holdings square meters and the two mining companies are very enjoy the spoils of this race lithium at this time with their digging envious in this desert of Atacama in northern Chile. The increase in demand for electric cars with lithium-ion battery Lithium-based has some of the public concerned about a potential "Lithium Cartel", similar to the current OPEC oil group has caused a lot of suits, the problems of prices and resource struggles for the last century or so. As Norman Hardie of Toronto, Canada, recently wrote in a letter published in The Economist (Sept. 17), "Although lithium is relatively abundant the largest reserves are in Bolivia, and Russia has high deposits. We should consider the issue more before swap dependency on oil for a cartel of lithium led by Friends of Hugo Chavez. " Well, while President Morales of Bolivia can say harsh things, sometimes about his neighbor slightly to the north, Chile is always trying to do his darndest economic, trade and political alliances with the United States a top foreign policy priority . It will be very interesting to see how the race pans out.And for this resource, in fact, a recent article in the August issue of Scientific American online, researchers have found that these lithium-ion batteries power our laptops and electric cars could be better improved by adding a compound containing boron and fluorine. Oh no. Well, now then, I think we need to get a jump on the vast reserves of Turkey's boron reserves and fluoride that are .... in fact, everywhere. We can not humm quietly all alone in our family-size zero-emissions go-kart and get along? Sources: Australian-Lithium.com. "About Lithium. A vital component of the economy Electron "http://www.australian-lithium.com/about-lithium.html, 2009.The Economist," the electrification of motoring. The acid test electric-fuel-trade. "September 5, 2009. Craze Matt Smith and Michal, "Senator proposes the Chilean government control of the lithium deposits. Bloomberg. September 30, 2009. U.S. News & World Report: Ratings and reviews. "2010 Chevy Volt." http://usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/cars-trucks/Chevrolet_Volt/Mitsubishi Motors. i-MiEV. Innovations. http://www.mitsubishi-motors.com/special/ev/4innovations/index.htmlTesla Motors. http://www.teslamotors.com/Simon Boehm, "'Battle of electric cars' launch in France." AFP, Yahoo News. October 1, http://news.yahoo.com/s/afp/franceautoenvironmentelectricsectorChristoph Hammerschmidt, "E-cars have a long way to go to become competitive, a researcher says." EE Times Deutschland. http://eetimes.eu/germany/219700477Dr Peter Harrop and Raghu Das, "Hybrid and pure electric cars 2009-2019". Consultancy IDTechEx, http://www.idtechex.com/research/reports/hybrid_and_pure_electric_cars_2009_2019_000227.aspUSGS. Mineral resources of the program. Lithium. http://minerals.usgs.gov/. 2007The Economist. Letters. "A tax on the Chevy." 2009.Jenny Mandel on September 17, "Building a better battery lithium-ion battery." Scientific American, reprinted from greenware. August 24, 2009, http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=electric-cars-lithium-ion-battery-boron-fluorine

 Here are some tips and pieces of information you might want to know before taking off to another country with his young son. My son, then three and a half years, and myself recently went to Bolivia, South America, so they could conduct research for my graduation project. I had never met any of Bolivia, but I did a lot of research and had an online contact with another American who had been living there for a very long time. No matter if you know where to go, but you should have at least one person you know through email, phone calls and, possibly, before you go. This person can help with many details, including information about what is really happening within the borders of the country where you are traveling. It is very important when traveling with a toddler, and older ones, too, to know what kind of things, including diseases and parasites, to watch for.In Bolivia, even once I find a disposable camera. digital, yes, and quite affordable, but I already had one of my own. My problem was that I only had two digital cards, and neither team had access to be able to download the pictures so I could erase the card and reuse. I had to send back home and then ended up not having enough time to go back again to take more pictures. I got to take some really great photos, though.If you go to a poorer country, please pack lightly. This is especially important if you are traveling to more rural areas like we did. Things are much less expensive than in other countries and Bolivia is no exception. In Bolivia, there are few things that are difficult to obtain. Items such as crochet hooks, children's vitamins, and some arts and crafts supplies are difficult or even impossible to locate. Some are extremely expensive. Unlike the U.S., where luxury items seem to be readily available, and items required are expensive, the opposite seems true. The food is very cheap in Bolivia, as well as herbs and spices, while luxury items such as strollers, fans and electric heaters are seen as not necessary, and cost at least a little more. When I bought a fan and an electric stove (especially so would not have to fill a gas tank of a propane gas stove), so I struggled a little over fifty dollars each. In Bolivia, traveling from city to city is largely done with big trucks, large buses, with some favorites of children, two stories, and even motorcycle taxis. When we travel to the small town of Ixiamas in Bolivia, we were there in fleets, buses or large, from Santa Cruz to Rurrenabaque, then crossed the Beni River in a barge to San Buena. After that, we took a large truck, almost a micro or mini bus, Ixiamas, a four-hour on what in the U.S. ATV would land. The luggage has been known to fall from the top of the van. Not once did we use a guide or a tourist office. We traveled with Bolivians, and had no problems. Bolivians are very peaceful. The fight was a witness that from our taxi driver and a motorcycle taxi driver. The argument stems from the music on the motorcycle driver. The driver of the motorcycle taxi were removed from right behind us, stopped, parked, got out and walked a few minutes after I got in. When my friend asked him to back up closer to the dock at I would not have far to walk with luggage, he did not see the bike. He stopped immediately, but the bike is dropped. The motorcycle taxi driver noticed and started an argument. It ended with the two men fighting each other against our taxi, and with one stroke of the motorcycle taxi driver to meet our taxi driver dropped him. That was the end of it, and motorbike taxi driver walked around the back of the car, grabbed his bike, went up, started it and left. That was the only part of the violence that we saw our entire stay in all Ixiamas Bolivia.After reach, we went on motorcycle taxis for a good half hour at a small farm where he stayed for a couple of weeks. If it ends in the same situation, please make sure you are comfortable before your driver is removed. Make sure you have shoes that are either easily removed, or are capable of being walked on the water that you may have to walk through.Speaking of water, drank the most water supplies of major cities " without problems, and also drank well water, unfiltered, while about Ixiamas on the farm I wrote about this, and a very small amount, while in Ixiamas (but only because my son was drowned in a piglet ), and never had a problem with known disease, tourist, or anything else for that matter. Maybe we were lucky, but I felt silly carrying around two different SteriPens. I had bought a SteriPen with a solar charger, and the other SteriPen was powered by regular batteries. I've never used any of them. And I felt very stupid, because all the places that were less, except in Ixiamas farm had electricity. If you feel you need one, by all means, take one, but bottled water is not available where you go in Bolivia.As for other uses that we all need water for bathing, washing clothes and dishes, and cooking , is abundant. Most households do not have showers or baths with heating, so for young children, whether they are taught from a very young age to not only tolerate the cold water from the tap, or for those like me child not used to at all, water is heated on the stove and pour into a large vat, called Suit. It takes about a pot full, and about three or four gallons of water to make water "right", but always test first, of course, as you would in the U.S.. You, as an adult, get to enjoy the fun of getting used to cold showers. However, it is not as bad as it might seem. In the heat, a cold shower is really a nice thing. There were days when temperatures reached 90, and the heat index, based on moisture levels, was more than 100. There were some days when you only put a swimsuit with a skirt and jumping in the shower every couple of hours. Shampoo and conditioner, bath soap, body brushes, and everything you want for the bathroom is very cheap to buy. Do not bother taking any with you. There is no shortage. Toilet paper also very cheap and as good as what we have here in America. You can buy, in most places, a package of six rolls of Scott by just over a dollar. Women need products are bought in farmacia.Washing clothing is a little different in Bolivia than in the U.S.. You get to do it by hand. Get Omo, these things are everything and nothing. Omo is a powder that comes in small bags. Depending on how dirty your clothes, you can get a dozen washed in a bag. A bag of Omo costs, about half a dollar. Get a base plastic brush or a bristle brush, not a wood. Fungi tend to after a while, and some have been split, so that the plastic is always better.As for day to day your child will undertake, get some water shoes, preferably nothing to let the water sit in inside. Flip-flops are what is used by most children, but for those who are not accustomed to using them, are shoe combination of plastic and rubber in the form of sandal is also available here in the U.S. and Bolivia. This is important for children playing in areas where they are, whether on grass, dirt, sand, or a combination. There are worms in the soil there, and good shoes can keep your child's feet protected. Make sure the child learns early in his stay to wash their own feet off in running water. Having shoes that are resistant to water are a must for young children, and is a good idea to have at least two pairs for each child. By the time your child gets a parasite, please do not worry. It happens to many children. One thing to keep on hand is "Quatro Derm. We write "4 Derm" on the package. The friends I made there advised me to put medicated cream to the foot of my son every night for three nights and it would work. I did, and my son love barefoot was fine. However, I love being barefoot as soon got another "Bichu (bee chewing). This time I decided I would keep him in bed, fun, of course, and certainly not as a punishment, although I'm sure he felt like it was such, and apply the medication every hour for about five hours. What about where it was applied in the Bichu, and then filled in the circle each time. In about two hours, I could see a big difference. In the afternoon, it was completely gone, and had his shoes on a lot better after that, as well.Leaving Bolivia, after meeting several people, not an easy thing to do. I, honestly, in tears, saying goodbye to several of my friends. Make sure you have addresses, phone numbers and email addresses, if possible, for anyone wanting to stay in touch with with.When out, make sure you have packed your personal bag with food, such as trawling Larger bags are generally marked door. Meals are served on the plane and is usually in their rates of tickets, but I have heard, has not experienced it myself, sometimes not enough food for everyone. Moreover, and this is crucial, since you can not board the plane without it, must have paid the airport tax of $ 25.00 per passenger. Without the label of airport tax, you can not board the plane. I loved being in Bolivia, and seriously wish that I had been unable to pay the airport tax, return our tickets and then got other visas and stayed, permanently. That's how much I loved Bolivia. We hope that, if you go, you'll like, too.