#highlyorientedyarn

Summary –

Yarn is a fundamental part of everyday life, being used extensively in the textile industry, among others. There are several types of yarn available, including highly oriented yarn, textile yarn, synthetic yarn, polyester FDY yarn, and polyester POY yarn. This article looks at the evolution of yarns through the age, its uses and features.

Fibers are thin filaments of materials or wither natural or man-made origin. Strands of Fiber is spun together to create Yarn, which is a long continuous length of interlocked fibers. This yarn is used to produce textile, sewing thread, carpets and ropemaking.

Natural fibers are products of natural resources such as plants, animals and geological processes, such as wool, cotton, silk, linen or hair.

Natural fibers comprising cotton, silk, flax, and wool have been used for centuries. Cotton is also known to have been cultivated and utilized to create fabrics for at least the last 7,000 years. Some sources indicate that cotton may have existed and been used in Egypt as early as 14,000 years ago. Silk and its attendant culture remained a Chinese speciality from its beginnings, estimated to be around 2600 BC, till the sixth century AD, when silkworms began to be raised in the Byzantine Empire.

Uses of Natural Fiber –

Most naturally acquired fibers can be spun into filaments, thread, or rope. Natural fibers have been used since centuries to make clothing, weaves, upholstery, and more in our everyday lives. In recent years, these natural fibers have been increasingly used in industries such as textile, construction, plastics, and automobile.

Features of Natural Fibers -

Environmentally sustainable - Natural fibers when used at an industrial level, ensure environmental sustainability of the parts being constructed, this feature contributes to the popularity of natural fibers within the automotive market. Natural fibers are mostly economical and technical when used in the interior of homes, as rugs, carpets and upholstery; Such natural fibers have insulation properties higher than synthetic fibers materials are hypoallergic and suitable for all climates.

Synthetic Fibers –

Synthetic fibers are man-made, chemically produced by joining monomers into polymers, using a process called polymerization. Synthetic yarns are mostly derived from synthetic fibres, however, some synthetic fibers get manufactured by natural cellulose. Some examples of such synthetic fibers are, nylon, polyester, acrylic, lycra and Kevlar.

Synthetic fibers made their appearance only in recent years. Rayon, the first synthetic yarn, was made from cotton and wool fibers and was developed in 1891. However, it was not commercially produced until 1911. Nylon was invented almost half a century later and was followed by the development of several other types of polyester yarns. With the discovery and development of synthetic yarns, there was reduced global demand for natural yarns.

Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, that is spun at extremely high rates yield what is known as partially oriented yarns (POY). POY is preferred as a commercial intermediate for drawn or textured yarns.

Polyester POY yarn (POY) - Polyester Partially Oriented Yarns, commonly known as Polyester POY is the primary form of Polyester yarn. Polyester POY Yarn can be used in draw warping, weaving and warp knitting of fabrics.

Polyester POY Yarn is used as a substitute for cotton and other synthetic yarns, as POY is more durable, resistant to fade on exposure to sunlight or soap, has a strong resistance to abrasion, and is wrinkle resistant.

Highly oriented yarn (HOY) -  is spun at 4000-6000 m/min and fully oriented yarn (FOY) is spun at speeds in excess of 6000 m/min, which cause it to crystalize, thus categorised as crystalline yarns or polyester FDY yarns (Fully drawn yarn).

Synthetic fibers, including highly oriented yarn, textile yarn, synthetic yarn, polyester FDY yarn, polyester POY yarn, see use in extended applications.

Feature of synthetic yarns –

·         Retains original shape, hence easy to wash and wear.

·         Elasticity in the synthetic yarn makes them easy to stretch out.

·         Soft hence can be used in clothing materials.

·         Can be manufactured in a variety of colours.

·         Generally cheaper than natural fibers.

Uses of Synthetic Fibers.

Synthetic fabric can be used to create waterproof fabrics and elastic fabrics for innerwear, gym wear and swimsuits. By introducing various added chemicals these synthetic yarns can offer features such as wrinkle-free, flame-resistance, water-resistance, stain-resistance, and more. This makes the use of synthetic fibre popular in making ropes, nets, raincoats, jackets, etc.