Michał Kluczewski (fl. 1869-1890), 'Twardowski śpiewający Godzinki' (Twardowski singing Godzinki), 1876 Source “Pan Twardowski in Polish folklore and literature, is a sorcerer who made a deal with the Devil. Pan Twardowski sold his soul in exchange for special powers – such as summoning up the spirit of Polish King Sigismund Augustus' deceased wife – but he eventually met a tragic fate. The tale of Pan Twardowski exists in various diverging versions and forms the basis for many works of fiction.” (Source)