#geography optional notes

1. Introduction The Marxist perspective on population growth was developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels as a critique of Malthusian theory. Unlike Malthus, who blamed population growth for poverty, Marx argued that poverty and resource scarcity result from capitalism and unequal resource distribution, not population growth. 2. Core Principles of Marxist Theory ✅ Capitalism, Not…

1. Introduction Proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus in his book “An Essay on the Principle of Population” (1798). It explains the relationship between population growth and food supply, predicting a crisis if population exceeds resources. 2. Core Principles Population grows geometrically (exponentially): 1 → 2 → 4 → 8 → 16 → 32 → … Food supply grows arithmetically (linearly): 1 → 2 → 3 → 4 →…