#genetic variability

In the present study Origanum vulgare seeds were exposed to chemical mutagens at different concentration of Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide. Mutants and control (without mutagen treatment) of Origanum vulgare seeds were than culture in-vitro on MS media (supplemented with hormones) for regeneration and callus induction. DNA was isolated from all treated and control Origanum vulgare and polymorphism of isolated DNA was studied using six RAPD markers. In this study six RAPD primers were used as markers to study the genetic differences in mutagenized Oregano plants and callus cultures. The DNA samples of plants and callus cultures showed common bands. As common amplified bands in RAPD separated in agarose gels also showed variable intensity of their bands. This type of polymorphism may be due to different copy numbers of corresponding DNA loci. RAPD showed variations in mutagenized Oregano plants and callus cultures. The callus cultures can be used for several studies like for mass propagation, production of secondary compounds and gene transfer studies. RAPD has frequently used as molecular marker for genetic variability studies in plants due to its simplicity, rapidity and lack of prior genetic information about the plant.

In the present study Origanum vulgare seeds were exposed to chemical mutagens at different concentration of Ethyl methane sulphonate and Sodium azide. Mutants and control (without mutagen treatment) of Origanum vulgare seeds were than culture in-vitro on MS media (supplemented with hormones) for regeneration and callus induction. DNA was isolated from all treated and control Origanum vulgare and polymorphism of isolated DNA was studied using six RAPD markers. In this study six RAPD primers were used as markers to study the genetic differences in mutagenized Oregano plants and callus cultures. The DNA samples of plants and callus cultures showed common bands. As common amplified bands in RAPD separated in agarose gels also showed variable intensity of their bands. This type of polymorphism may be due to different copy numbers of corresponding DNA loci. RAPD showed variations in mutagenized Oregano plants and callus cultures. The callus cultures can be used for several studies like for mass propagation, production of secondary compounds and gene transfer studies. RAPD has frequently used as molecular marker for genetic variability studies in plants due to its simplicity, rapidity and lack of prior genetic information about the plant.

Mustard (Brassica spp.) is a vital oilseed crop in Bangladesh, significantly contributing to domestic edible oil production and the rural economy. This study was conducted at the BINA Sub-station Farm, Ishurdi, Pabna during the 2023–24 at rabi season to evaluate the yield performance and agronomic variability of five mustard cultivars—Binasarisha-4, Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-14, and BARI Sarisha-17. The experiment followed a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Key traits including plant height, branching, siliqua number, seed characteristics, and yield were measured and analyzed through ANOVA. Significant differences were observed among cultivars, indicating substantial genetic variability. Binasarisha-9 demonstrated superior performance in plant height, number of siliqua per plant, seeds per siliqua, and seed yield (1.86 t/ha), followed by BARI Sarisha-17 and Binasarisha-4. Conversely, Binasarisha-11 and BARI Sarisha-14 exhibited lower yields despite high primary branching, likely due to poor siliqua development. These results underline the importance of genotype selection in enhancing mustard productivity and recommend Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-4, and BARI Sarisha-17 for cultivation in the target agro-climatic zone. The findings contribute to ongoing efforts to improve mustard yield and support food security through strategic varietal selection.

An experiment was conducted to study genetic variability and heritability among ten Brassica napus L. genotypes for yield and yield associated traits. The genotypes (CA-2, CA-4, CA-5, DH-2, DH-3, DH-4, DH-5, DH-6, DH-8 and CA-20) were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were recorded on days to 50% flowering, primary branches plant-1, plant height, pod main raceme-1, main raceme length, pod length, 1000 seed weight, oil content, glucosinolate and erucic acid content. Results revealed significant differences (p≤0.05) for all studied traits except pod main raceme and oil content. Brassica genotype DH-7 exhibited minimum days to 50% flowering (109 days). Genotype CA-2 showed maximum 1000-seed weight (8.2g) and minimum erucic acid contents (29.2%) whereas genotype CA-5 exhibited maximum primary branches (9), plant height (224.5cm), glucosinolate (84.5µMg), oil content (54.5%) and low erucic acid (36.3%). High broad sense heritability was observed for days to 50% flowering (0.70), primary branches (0.73), plant height (0.74), pod main raceme (0.84), main raceme length (0.92), pod length (0.68), 1000-seed weight (0.83), oil content (0.65), glucosinolate content (0.81) and erucic acid (0.98). Among the studied genotypes, CA-5 and DH-8 performed better for most of the traits therefore, these genotype could be used in the future brassica breeding programs.