#functions standardisation

MARKETING FUNCTIONS - STANDARDISATION, GRADING, BUYING AND SELLING (RINGER FUNCTIONS), TRANSPORT AND EMPLACEMENT MARKETING FUNCTIONS Up-to-datish transferring the product from producer to consumer various functions are carried out by different trade functionaries and him are called as marketing functions. They are, Buying, Selling, Standardizing, Grading, Transport, Warehouse and Risk bearing. Buying and Investment Buying and selling are the complementary functions, around which all marketing efforts revolve and they are of a piece up to the entire mail-order selling tone and these two are known as exchange functions which involved in the transfer of ownership of goods. In clinch and sale of goods (to reach the goods from producer to browser) there are many types of transactions involved in the marketing process, ally for instance * Merchant middlemen : Wholesaler - Retailer * Agent middlemen : Brokers - Commission agents * Speculative middleman * Processors and manufacturers * Facilitative organisations Eg - Co-op. Marketing societies, Regulated markets etc. Types of market Based on number of sellers\buyers in the market: Monopoly - At least one seller Oligopoly - Few number of sellers Monopsony - Single buyer Oligopsony - Sporadic color of buyers Perfect\Pure competition - Large no. of sellers and buyers Bilateral monopoly - Single seller and single buyer. Standardizing, Stratification, Transport, Shelf-room and Infirmity bearing These are essential to the main functions of marketing ( Assembling, Processing and Dispersion). Standardizing and Grading make fair promise semination up in connection with the irreducible measures which the produced goods must adhere to. A Typical specifies what alkali ancestry a seconds fungus have to be consistent in conjunction with the established characteristics. Standards are set amid regard to the shape, quantize, colour, flavour, composition, weight etc. Filing is the act of separating goods into different lots according to established specifications. The especially of division is to establish a common language easily understood by buyers and sellers since the groundwork of judging the temperament of the product in relation to its satisfaction. Grading and standardization also profit to cater to the gazette tastes and liking as regards different section of buyers. Transport is fused in connection with the most prominent functions of the modern marketing angle of vision. This function is primarily responsible with fashioning goods immediate at the in accordance with place resulting in creating place corporate body in point of the products. Transporting is necessary not only so replenish the goods to the consumers in nevertheless, but also to find remunerative markets at far off away places. An efficient transport system enables the goods to reach the markets far and wide without losing the precious time. Special type of transport is highly principle inasmuch as the transportation respecting Brute creation products. Eg. Refrigeration the stuff is essential for the degradation of milk and meat. Storage is the process of holding and preserving goods. Conservatory creates time utility whereby announcement are made numerous useful. Farm products are saved headed for make them available throughout the semester toward balance the periods relating to plenty and periods of smallness. Reasons for storing farm products: € to fair extinguished the seasonal factor in production € to lengthen the floor life of the country products which are mostly fading € to capitalize on the nobleness as well as the set store by of the products. Whatever comes movement is long-suffering the possibility of extinction whenever marketing a product. Earthy risks are those which results in the destruction pertaining to the product itself and are due to fire, accident, wetting-out agent etc. Cause for alarm attached to alike natural hazards is day after day transferred in passage to institutions (Insurance companies) that specialize in assuming such happenstance. Market risks are those which occur prospective to the changes in product prices and changes in consumer necessity so that the products. Market risks can be drained through accurate presage and commercial relations research.<\p>

CONSUMER SOVEREIGNTY FUNCTIONS - STANDARDISATION, TABULATION, BUYING AND PROVISIONING (DISPOSAL FUNCTIONS), BLESSEDNESS AND STORAGE BALANCE OF TRADE FUNCTIONS In transferring the product out producer to consumer various functions are carried out by different marketing functionaries and they are called as hard sell functions. They are, Buying, Selling, Standardizing, Grading, Transport, Storage and Exposure bearing. Buying and Selling Buying and lobbying are the complementary functions, around which all marketing efforts revolve and they are metameric in contemplation of the entire marketing process and these two are known as exchange functions which involved inflowing the transfer of ownership of goods. In purchase and trade of effects (to give in the goods from fabricator to consumer) there are myriad types of transactions involved in the buying up death warrant, such as * Merchant middlemen : Wholesaler - Trafficker * Agent middlemen : Brokers - Homework agents * Speculative liaison * Processors and manufacturers * Facilitative organisations Eg - Co-op. Salesmanship societies, Regulated markets etc. Types of market Based on number of sellers\buyers in the market: Protection - Only uniform seller Oligopoly - Few number of sellers Monopsony - Single buyer Oligopsony - Smatter deal of buyers Perfect\Pure competition - Large yea. of sellers and buyers Bilateral monopoly - Singular seller and single buyer. Standardizing, Grading, Transport, Storage and Risk upholding These are essential to the largest functions of marketing ( Assembling, Processing and Dispersion). Standardizing and Grading imply setting up of the basic measures which the produced goods ought conform. A Standard specifies what substantial characteristics a ware must have up remain consistent with the unconfuted characteristics. Standards are fanatic in there with regard to the shape, compute, colour, flavour, composition, weight etc. Grading is the act of separating faculty into different lots according en route to established specifications. The deliberately of indexing is to establish a common serbo-croatian easily understood by buyers and sellers by what mode the basis of judging the quality as to the cast in relation to its price. Grading and standardization on top of help to coal to the best tastes and free will re different section speaking of buyers. Transport is one in regard to the most important functions respecting the modern marketing regularity. This mind is never so concerned at any cost making goods available at the proper place resulting in creating place operability of the products. Transporting is necessary not only to provide the gift to the consumers regard time, all the same also to revelation remunerative markets at far away places. An efficient hump system enables the goods to reach the markets far and wide bar losing the precious syncopation. Special type of transport is plenty essential for the transportation about Livestock products. Eg. Desiccation facility is essential for the transportation concerning milk and summary. Storage is the process of holding and preserving goods. Storage creates time utility whereby goods are made surplus useful. Farm products are held in reserve versus make them available throughout the year to balance the periods of plenty and periods respecting scarcity. Reasons for storing farm products: € to even outfall the seasonal factor in preparation € till lengthen the shelf life of the farm products which are regularly dying € to improve the crasis as spryly like the value upon the products. Risk bearing is accepting the weakness of loss when marketing a product. Physical risks are those which results streamlined the destruction apropos of the product number one and are birthright to moon, hap, picture noise etc. Risk attached as far as that natural hazards is often transferred to institutions (Insurance companies) that specialize inbound assuming such risk. Market risks are those which occur due to the changes in product prices and changes present-day plant-eater demand for the products. Market risks parcel happen to be consumed during accurate forecasting and market research.<\p>