#digital sphere

We have all seen our fair share of reality television, from MasterChef to Britain’s Got Talent and The Bachelor. The list goes on and on. Despite the popularity and commercial success of these programs, reality television remains one of the most disliked television genres, according to surveys regularly conducted in both Australia and the United States.

The Missing Scripts program aims to preserve the rich diversity of the world's languages and protect indigenous scripts, ensuring their existence in the digital sphere.

This initiative, launched as part of the International Decade of Indigenous Languages (IDIL 2022-2032), was presented at the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural and Arts Education (WCCAE) in February 2024 in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.

The Missing Scripts started from the alarming realization that nearly half of the world's writings remain absent from digital platforms. Among these are not only ancient scripts, some of which remain undeciphered, but also a large number of minority or Indigenous writings still in use today. Neglected by the digital industry, these writings, along with the languages they represent face the threat of extinction. How can we fix this situation? The initial step involves encoding these scripts, a process that entails standardizing them by assigning a numerical identifier to each symbol. 

This crucial task has been carried out by the Universal Unicode Standard since the early 1990s. However, mere encoding is insufficient. Equally imperative is the development of input methods such as keyboards to ensure compatibility across various operating systems, as well as the creation of appropriate fonts. Designing these “digital fonts” requires specialized expertise, involving collaboration with experts, including linguists, developers and native speakers. This is the mission led by the Atelier national de recherche typographique (ANRT), housed in a public art school, to allow these writings to be accessible on computers and smartphones. This approach thus makes a strong case for an interdisciplinary artistic education that combines technology, art, culture and typography.

This is an essential issue of digital empowerment. Without proper encoding, not only is the publication or exchange of texts is impossible, but also the construction of vital datasets essential to current technologies, such as automatic translation, voice recognition, machine learning and AI becomes unattainable. It was therefore a natural progression for The Missing Scripts project to join hands with the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, to draw global attention to the plight faced by numerous Indigenous languages. The Global Action Plan for the International Decade of Indigenous Languages provides enabling conditions for digital empowerment, access to information and language technologies, and artistic creation in Indigenous languages. In this context, The Missing Scripts project fits seamlessly with the proposed outputs in the Global Action Plan, contributing to the goal of enhancing the practical use of Indigenous languages.

On 14 February 2024, the event “Digital Arts and Cultural Inclusion: Navigating the Intersection of Technology, Identity and Dialogue” took place alongside the thematic sessions of the the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural and Arts Education (WCCAE). The speakers presented various initiatives in artistic education and digital creation focused on intangible heritage. Among them, Thomas Huot-Marchand, Director of the ANRT, presented the International Decade of Indigenous Languages, and spotlighted the work of the ANRT, a laboratory of the National School of Art and Design of Nancy, France. Founded in 1985, the ANRT welcomes student researchers from all over the world every year. One of its flagship programs, The Missing Scripts, has been developed in partnership with the Script Encoding Initiative (University of California, Berkeley) and the University of Applied Sciences Mainz (Germany) since 2016.

From 13 to 15 February 2024, the UNESCO World Conference on Cultural and Arts Education was held at the National Exhibition Center in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The event brought together nearly 1,000 culture and education stakeholders, including 90 ministers and 125 representatives from UNESCO's member states. At the closing of the conference, UNESCO Member States unanimously adopted a new Global Framework for Cultural and Arts Education. Notably, this framework prioritizes the enhanced promotion and preservation of Indigenous heritage and cultures.

September 6

"A letter to men: Porn is not just women's problem" by Samantha Gray (via Feminist Current): http://www.feministcurrent.com/2016/08/25/letter-men-porn-not-just-womens-problem/

"Michelle Marks is dead, Brock Turner is a rapist, & men are still blaming literally every single thing but themselves for their crimes against humanity" by Laura Louise (via Medium): https://medium.com/@laura.louise/michelle-marks-is-dead-brock-turner-is-a-rapist-men-are-still-blaming-literally-every-single-b107c02fada3#.sn87i3ukw

"How Consuming Porn Can Lead to Violence" via Fight The New Drug: http://fightthenewdrug.org/how-consuming-porn-can-lead-to-violence/

September 13

“White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” by Peggy McIntosh: https://www.csusm.edu/sjs/documents/UnpackingTheKnapsack.pdf

“When ‘Life Hacking” Is Really White Privilege” by JenDziura (via Get Bullish): https://medium.com/get-bullish/when-life-hacking-is-really-white-privilege-a5e5f4e9132f

September 20

“Why Do So Many People Pretend to Be Native American?” by Russell Cobb (via Longreads): http://blog.longreads.com/2014/08/04/why-do-people-continue-to-fashion-native-identities-out-of-thin-air/

“This Halloween, Choose Respect” by Herman Kaur Bhupal and Judy Park (via the Harvard Crimson): http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/10/29/halloween-choose-respect/

“Cultural Appropriation 101, Featuring Geisha Katy Perry And The Great Wave Of Asian Influence” by Lauren Duca (via the Huffington Post): http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/25/cultural-appropriation-katy-perry_n_4337024.html

September 27

“When The Media Treats White Suspects And Killers Better Than Black Victims” by Nick Wing (via the Huffington Post): http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/14/media-black-victims_n_5673291.html

October 18

“I Would Grow My Hair to Cover the City" by Whitney Power (via Autostraddle): http://www.autostraddle.com/i-would-grow-my-hair-to-cover-the-city-211799/

"14 Reasons Why It's Not Okay to Out Someone as Trans -- A Public Service Announcement From Your Friendly, Neighborhood Trans Person" by American Trans Man (via American Trans Man): https://americantransman.com/2012/04/18/14-reasons-why-its-not-okay-to-out-someone-as-trans-a-public-service-announcement-from-your-friendly-neighborhood-trans-person/

November 16

NEW READINGS:

“‘Our minds can be hijacked’: the tech insiders who fear a smartphone dystopia” by Paul Lewis (via the Guardian): https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/05/smartphone-addiction-silicon-valley-dystopia

"Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?” by Jean M. Twenge (via the Atlantic): https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/

“The smartphone is eventually going to die, and then things are going to get really crazy” by Matt Weinberger (via Business Insider): http://www.businessinsider.com/death-of-the-smartphone-and-what-comes-after-2017-3

PREVIOUS READINGS:

“In the Spirit: UW-Extension boots Gideon Bibles from guest rooms after complaint” by Doug Erickson (via the Wisconsin State Journal): http://host.madison.com/wsj/lifestyles/faith-and-values/religion/in-the-spirit-uw-extension-boots-gideon-bibles-from-guest/article_478624f9-226b-58c6-8a36-ca87a300addb.html

“University Removes Bibles From Guest Rooms After Atheists Claimed Their Presence Violated the Constitution” by Billy Hallowell (via The Blaze): http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2014/01/16/university-removes-bibles-from-guest-rooms-following-atheists-claimed-their-presence-violated-the-constitution/

November 29

"Why Do Millenials Not Understand Racism?" by Jamelle Bouie (via Slate): http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/05/millennials_racism_and_mtv_poll_young_people_are_confused_about_bias_prejudice.html

September 6

"A letter to men: Porn is not just women's problem" by Samantha Gray (via Feminist Current): http://www.feministcurrent.com/2016/08/25/letter-men-porn-not-just-womens-problem/

"Michelle Marks is dead, Brock Turner is a rapist, & men are still blaming literally every single thing but themselves for their crimes against humanity" by Laura Louise (via Medium): https://medium.com/@laura.louise/michelle-marks-is-dead-brock-turner-is-a-rapist-men-are-still-blaming-literally-every-single-b107c02fada3#.sn87i3ukw

"How Consuming Porn Can Lead to Violence" via Fight The New Drug: http://fightthenewdrug.org/how-consuming-porn-can-lead-to-violence/

September 13

“When ‘Life Hacking” Is Really White Privilege” by JenDziura (via Get Bullish): https://medium.com/get-bullish/when-life-hacking-is-really-white-privilege-a5e5f4e9132f

September 20

“Why Do So Many People Pretend to Be Native American?” by Russell Cobb (via Longreads): http://blog.longreads.com/2014/08/04/why-do-people-continue-to-fashion-native-identities-out-of-thin-air/

“This Halloween, Choose Respect” by Herman Kaur Bhupal and Judy Park (via the Harvard Crimson): http://www.thecrimson.com/article/2013/10/29/halloween-choose-respect/

“Cultural Appropriation 101, Featuring Geisha Katy Perry And The Great Wave Of Asian Influence” by Lauren Duca (via the Huffington Post): http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/11/25/cultural-appropriation-katy-perry_n_4337024.html

“White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack” by Peggy McIntosh: https://www.csusm.edu/sjs/documents/UnpackingTheKnapsack.pdf

September 27

“When The Media Treats White Suspects And Killers Better Than Black Victims” by Nick Wing (via the Huffington Post): http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/08/14/media-black-victims_n_5673291.html

October 18

“I Would Grow My Hair to Cover the City" by Whitney Power (via Autostraddle): http://www.autostraddle.com/i-would-grow-my-hair-to-cover-the-city-211799/

"14 Reasons Why It's Not Okay to Out Someone as Trans -- A Public Service Announcement From Your Friendly, Neighborhood Trans Person" by American Trans Man (via American Trans Man): https://americantransman.com/2012/04/18/14-reasons-why-its-not-okay-to-out-someone-as-trans-a-public-service-announcement-from-your-friendly-neighborhood-trans-person/

November 15

NEW READINGS:

“‘Our minds can be hijacked’: the tech insiders who fear a smartphone dystopia” by Paul Lewis (via the Guardian): https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2017/oct/05/smartphone-addiction-silicon-valley-dystopia

"Have Smartphones Destroyed a Generation?” by Jean M. Twenge (via the Atlantic): https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2017/09/has-the-smartphone-destroyed-a-generation/534198/

“The smartphone is eventually going to die, and then things are going to get really crazy” by Matt Weinberger (via Business Insider): http://www.businessinsider.com/death-of-the-smartphone-and-what-comes-after-2017-3

PREVIOUS READINGS:

“In the Spirit: UW-Extension boots Gideon Bibles from guest rooms after complaint” by Doug Erickson (via the Wisconsin State Journal): http://host.madison.com/wsj/lifestyles/faith-and-values/religion/in-the-spirit-uw-extension-boots-gideon-bibles-from-guest/article_478624f9-226b-58c6-8a36-ca87a300addb.html

“University Removes Bibles From Guest Rooms After Atheists Claimed Their Presence Violated the Constitution” by Billy Hallowell (via The Blaze): http://www.theblaze.com/stories/2014/01/16/university-removes-bibles-from-guest-rooms-following-atheists-claimed-their-presence-violated-the-constitution/

November 29

"Why Do Millenials Not Understand Racism?" by Jamelle Bouie (via Slate): http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2014/05/millennials_racism_and_mtv_poll_young_people_are_confused_about_bias_prejudice.html

Maintaining a social media presence can be entertaining yet stressful. With comments and ‘likes’ quantifying influence and success on social media, aspiring to gain affirmation is built into the platforms. As sites like Facebook and LinkedIn become increasingly integrated in our social and professional lives, differences between our “real” and online identities can shape not only how others perceive us but our self-perceptions, creating pressure to be more like the often idealized digital versions of ourselves and our peers.

Social media identities are complicated by the diverse uses for these platforms, the editing done by users and hired professionals, and the enmeshing of social with mainstream media. A New York Times article from 2015 discusses the trend of celebrities announcing their exit from social media only to return sometime later. A popular young Instagram star found herself in the spotlight when she surprised her 800,000+ followers by denouncing social media and re-captioning her past photos to point out the false image and artificiality of the media presented in them. Her decision went viral, with parody videos popping up online and commenters accusing her of criticizing social media as a means of self-promotion. Given its increasing pervasiveness in our lives, even a rejection of social media can seem to make a statement.

Having an online presence may impact how the self is understood, even more for younger users who grow up with and are forging their identities while interacting with peers on sites like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Those sites all have the highest percentage of users under the age of 30.

Ambient Awareness

Ambient awareness is a term used by social scientists to describe a new form of peripheral social awareness. This awareness is propagated from relatively constant contact with one's friends and colleagues via social networking platforms on the Internet. Some examples of social networking websites are Facebook, Myspace, Twitter, Blogger, delicious.com, etc. The term essentially defines the sort of omnipresent knowledge one experiences by being a regular user of these media outlets that allow a constant connection with one's social circle.

According to Clive Thompson of the New York Times, ambient awareness is "very much like being physically near someone and picking up on mood through the little things; body language, sighs, stray comments..." Academic Andreas Kaplan defines ambient awareness as “awareness created through regular and constant reception, and/ or exchange of information fragments through social media”. Therefore, in effect two friends who regularly follow one another's digital information can already be aware of each other's lives without actually being physically present to have a conversation.

As Social Media

Socially speaking, ambient awareness and social media are products of the new generations who are being born or growing up in the digital age, starting circa in 1998 and running to current times. Social media is personal media (what you're doing in the moment, how you feel, a picture of where you are) combined with social communication. Social media is the lattice work for ambient awareness. Without social media the state of ambient awareness cannot exist.

A significant feature of social media is that it is created by those who also consume it. Mostly, those participating in this phenomenon are adolescents, college age, or young adult professionals. According to Dr. Mimi Ito, a cultural anthropologist and Professor in Residence at the University of California at Irvine, the mobile device is the greatest proxy device used to create and distribute Social Media. She reportedly states that "teenagers capture and produce their own media, and stay in constant ambient contact with each other..." using mobile devices. Usually while doing this they are consuming other forms of media such as music or video content via their iPods or other similar devices. Effectively this has led social scientists to believe that learning and multitasking will have a new face as the products of the digital generation enter the workforce and begin to integrate their learning methods into the standard preexisting business models of today. Professors Kaplan and Haenlein see ambient awareness as one of the major reasons for the success of such microblogging sites as Twitter.

Origins

The earliest available technology that could be used for constant social contact is the cell phone. For the first time people could be contacted readily and at will beyond the confines of their work or homes. Then later, with the additional service of texting, one can see the somewhat primitive form of the status update. Since the text message only allows for 160 characters to transmit pertinent information it paved the way for the status update as we know it today. The transition from only having a few points of regular long distance contact to being constantly available via cell phone is what primed society for social networking websites.

The digital sphere and relationships, Clive Thompson article continued...

“Online awareness inevitably leads to a curious question: What sort of relationships are these? What does it mean to have hundreds of “friends” on Facebook? What kind of friends are they, anyway?

In 1998, the anthropologist Robin Dunbar argued that each human has a hard-wired upper limit on the number of people he or she can personally know at one time. Dunbar noticed that humans and apes both develop social bonds by engaging in some sort of grooming; apes do it by picking at and smoothing one another’s fur, and humans do it with conversation. He theorized that ape and human brains could manage only a finite number of grooming relationships: unless we spend enough time doing social grooming — chitchatting, trading gossip or, for apes, picking lice — we won’t really feel that we “know” someone well enough to call him a friend. Dunbar noticed that ape groups tended to top out at 55 members. Since human brains were proportionally bigger, Dunbar figured that our maximum number of social connections would be similarly larger: about 150 on average. Sure enough, psychological studies have confirmed that human groupings naturally tail off at around 150 people: the “Dunbar number,” as it is known. Are people who use Facebook and Twitter increasing their Dunbar number, because they can so easily keep track of so many more people?

This rapid growth of weak ties can be a very good thing. Sociologists have long found that “weak ties” greatly expand your ability to solve problems. For example, if you’re looking for a job and ask your friends, they won’t be much help; they’re too similar to you, and thus probably won’t have any leads that you don’t already have yourself. Remote acquaintances will be much more useful, because they’re farther afield, yet still socially intimate enough to want to help you out. Many avid Twitter users — the ones who fire off witty posts hourly and wind up with thousands of intrigued followers — explicitly milk this dynamic for all it’s worth, using their large online followings as a way to quickly answer almost any question. Laura Fitton, a social-media consultant who has become a minor celebrity on Twitter — she has more than 5,300 followers — recently discovered to her horror that her accountant had made an error in filing last year’s taxes. She went to Twitter, wrote a tiny note explaining her problem, and within 10 minutes her online audience had provided leads to lawyers and better accountants. Fritton joked to me that she no longer buys anything worth more than $50 without quickly checking it with her Twitter network.

What is it like to never lose touch with anyone? One morning this summer at my local cafe, I overheard a young woman complaining to her friend about a recent Facebook drama. Her name is Andrea Ahan, a 27-year-old restaurant entrepreneur, and she told me that she had discovered that high-school friends were uploading old photos of her to Facebook and tagging them with her name, so they automatically appeared in searches for her.

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