#dentopedia

What is Candidiasis ?

Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by yeasts that belong to the genus Candida. There are over 20 species of Candida yeasts that can cause infection in humans, the most common of which is Candida Albans. Candida yeasts normally reside in the intestinal tract and can be found on mucous membranes and skin without causing infection; however, overgrowth of these organisms can cause symptoms to develop.

in the oral cavity of normal individuals, candida species are present in lower concentration ( less than 200 cells per millimeter of saliva).

Candidiasis of the mouth and throat, also known as “thrush" or oropharyngeal candidiasis, is a fungal infection that occurs when there is overgrowth of a yeast called Candida.

What Causes It?

Candidiasis occurs when there is an overgrowth of Candida. Causes may include: 

Physiological factors: such as age and genetic factors. 

Hormonal factors: such as hypoparathyroidism, diabetes mellitus and addison’s disease.

Iatrogenic factors: such as long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics, cancer chemotherapy, radiotherapy and immunosuppressive therapy.

Systemic factors: such as carcinoma, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, iron deficiency, pernicious anemia, lichen planus, AIDS, hereditary disorders associated with impaired immune response.

Local factors: such a suse of denture, angular chelitis, over closure of mouth, leukoplakia.

What are the Signs and Symptoms of Candidiasis?

creamy white bumps on the tongue, inner cheeks, gums, or tonsils.

slight bleeding when the bumps are scraped.

pain at the site of the bumps.

dry, cracked skin at the corners of the mouth.

difficulty swallowing.

How  Oral Candidiasis Can be Prevented?

Good oral hygiene practices may help to prevent oral thrush in people with weakened immune systems. Some studies have shown that chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash can help to prevent oral candidiasis in people undergoing cancer treatment. People who use inhaled corticosteroids may be able to reduce the risk of developing thrush by washing out the mouth with water or mouthwash after using an inhaler.

How  Oral Candidiasis Can be diagnosed?