#default values

A short way of setting default values in JavaScript is using the logical or operator ||. Which returns the left value if the left value is truthy. Otherwise the right value is returned. For example:

function message(contents) { console.log('Message:', String(contents || '(No Message)')); } message(); // Message: (No Message) message('Some contents'); // Message: Some contents

This is supported by all JavaScript environments and browsers even very old ones. Unlike more modern syntax like default function parameters. Note that strings can be created with new String(), which is why the main statement is wrapped in String() above:

message(new String('Some contents')); // Message: Some contents

Anyways, this relies on a value being truthy which is a concept with a bunch of strange exceptions that programmers often miss unless being very careful: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/Falsy. For example, if I were to pass an empty string in the below:

message(''); // Message: (No Message)

Which is wrong, it should print "Message: ". This is because unlike all other strings an empty string is falsy. So instead of using || more explicity emptyiness checks should be done. So making message work in all cases (assuming the value passed in is always a string):

function message(contents) { console.log('Message:', String((contents || contents === '') ? contents : '(No Message)')); } message(); // Message: (No Message) message('Some contents'); // Message: Some contents message(''); // Message: message(new String()); // Message: message(new String('Some contents')); // Message: Some contents

Which is getting pretty complicated for such a simple operation. Since the above is kind of painful to figure out the danger is there is the temptation to only use || since it works in almost every case. Instead the nullish coalescing operator can be used ??:

function message(contents) { console.log('Message:', String(contents ?? '(No Message)')); }

Currently, this is only fully supported in the latest Chrome, Firefox and a few other environments. Though it will be implemented in other JS environments relatively soon since it is becoming part of the JavaScript standard: https://github.com/tc39/proposal-nullish-coalescing. You can read about the tc39 process here: https://2ality.com/2015/11/tc39-process.html

Default values can be used now in all modern JS environments like so:

function greet(name = '') { return 'Hello ' + name; } console.log(greet('Phil')); // Hello Phil console.log(greet()); // Hello

Though what is not often known is that these do not have to be primitive values like strings, they can be objects to. So default property settings are also useful for large objects. Which is useful for complex functions which take objects as configuration:

function createMessage(config = { type: 'default', name: 'Person', date: new Date(), }) { let message = ''; if (config.type === 'default') { message = `Hello, ${config.name}. You have received a package on ${config.date}.`; } else if (config.type === 'warning') { message = `${config.name}, a package has been in storage since ${config.date}, `; message += 'and will be sent back to sender in 1 day.' } return message; } console.log(createMessage()); // Hello, Person. You have received a package on <NOW>. console.log(createMessage({ type: 'warning', name: 'Phil', date: new Date('2019-01-27T08:00:00'), })); // Phil, a package has been in storage since Sun Jan 27 2019 08:00:00 GMT-0500 (EST), // and will be returned in 1 day.

Here’s an example of swift class for a rectangle that has an initializer and optional default values. 

import Foundation

class Rectangle: Codable {

    var name:String

    var length:Int

    var width:Int

    init(name:String = "", length:Int  = 4, width:Int = 2) {

        self.name = name

        self.length = length

        self.width = width

    }

}

This rectangle will have an area of 8 by default: 

r = Rectangle()

print(r.length * r.width) // => 8

but if we define the width to be 4, we will have a square with an area of 16

s = Rectangle(width: 4)

print(s.length * s.width) // => 16

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6 Simple Tricks to Filch the Performance and Scalability of ASP.NET Applications <\p>

1. Expanding universe.grille Set: The system.net is configured by default in passage to allow two collectivistic connections per every IP. So the web server can gush only two concurrent calls while forming outbound call to a specific server or ordination WCF service on another server. The default number of concurrent connections is too despicable to support the requirements of distributed web applications, as the web server has make obediency gauge to other services frequently. Similar to the latticework application, the number of connection will also have an counterpoised swan song in using platen press services. So you in heat deviate the modus operandi.net configuration at the machine.config pean web.config so optimize the performance of your ASP.NET application.<\p>

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1. System.cancellation Configuration: The system.net is configured by nonrestriction to allow dualistic collective ancestry per each IP. So the web server can mature only two communist calls while making outbound call to a balsam server flaxen calling WCF service on another server. The default compute of consilient connections is yet blare to support the requirements of distributed lattice applications, as the web server has make service call to other services frequently. Parallel to the web application, the number of connection animus all included have an adverse effect in using build services. So you thin wine division the system.arabesque configuration at the machine.config or intertexture.config to optimize the performance of your ASP.NET sling.<\p>

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