#cycads

The Scientific Research Notes of S. Sunkavally, Printed Part, page. 179.

Assorted Cycads | Jardín de Cactus

DOI: doi.org/10.1111/jse.70034

[[ Phylogenetic relationships and proposed infrageneric classification of Encephalartos. Major clades identified in this study are shown on the left, with representative taxa illustrated on the right. Clades and their representatives are as follows:

Cycadifolius Clade: (1) E. cycadifolius (Jacq.) Lehm. and (2) E. laevifolius Stapf & Burtt Davy; #Inopinus Clade: (3) E. hirsutus P. J. H. Hurter; Altensteinii Clade: (4) E. woodii Sander of woodii subclade, (5) E. trispinosus (Hook. f.) R. A. Dyer and (6) E. horridus (Jacq.) Lehm. of longifolius subclade, (7) E. lebomboensis I. Verd. of altensteinii subclade;

Afer Clade: (😎 E. villosus Lem. and (9) E. cerinus Lavranos & D. L. Goode; Eugene-maraisii Clade: (10) E. middelburgensis Vorster, Robbertse & S. van der Westh; Ferox Clade: (11) E. ferox G. Bertol; Manikensis Clade: (12) E. concinnus R. A. Dyer & I. Verd. and (13) E. chimanimaniensis R. A. Dyer & I. Verd.; Turneri Clade: (14) E. turneri Lavranos & D. L. Goode, (15) and (16) E. gratus Prain of turneri subclade, (17) E. barteri Carruth. ex Miq. of hildebrandtii subclade, (18) E. delucanus R. A. Dyer & I. Verd. of poggei subclade. Photographs by A. Lindstrom (4, 11–18) and J. A. R. Clugston (1–3, 5–10). ]]

Integrative #phylogenomics and morphology reveal the evolution and biogeography of Encephalartos (#Zamiaceae) We aimed to conduct phylogenetic analyses of Encephalartos, a cycad genus endemic to #Africa, using 3545 single-copy nuclear genes extracted from transcriptome data, covering 64/65 of the recognized species, along with inference of divergence times using two secondary calibration points. Integrating analyses of phylogenomics, spatio-temporal distribution, and morphology, the eight major clades within the genus were resolved. Dated analyses to estimate the origins and diversification patterns for the genus Encephalartos species yielded divergence age estimates corresponding to the Oligo-Miocene. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses reveal new higher level phylogenetic relationships among taxa in Encephalartos, providing a stable framework for clarifying the evolutionary history of this #cycad group.

Cycad at Descanso Gardens in La Canada Flintridge. (Photo: Erik Olsen) If there’s one thing our increasingly digital world has pushed me toward, it’s a desire to reconnect with the natural one. At a moment when AI, deepfakes, and synthetic media blur the line between real and artificial, I find myself drawn more strongly to things that…

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