Prompt 2: Museum Communication meets Metropolis: At the museum, look for two examples of science or technology to relate to the film: 1 - Find an exhibit that suggests the film was accurate in communicating the future. 2 - Find an exhibit that suggests the film was inaccurate in its vision of the future.
Metropolis is a film released in 1927 that portrays a bleak future in which the wealthy few prosper off of the backs of the many. Workers live underground and spend their lives on 10 hour shifts handling machines that power the metropolis above. An example from the Museum of Communication that suggests the film was accurate in communicating the future is pictured above. What I have included is an image showing technologies introduced in the past 20 years that have shaped our lives. Things like the iPhone and iPad have brought technology to our fingertips but have allowed the dismantlement of our privacy. This mirrors the future from Metropolis; technology is the driving force in society, many people spend hours on end on machines, and privacy is no longer sacred.
An example from the Museum of Communication that suggests the film was inaccurate in communicating the future can be found in the Oh Yeah! temporary exhibition on German Pop-Music. The “Love Parade” was a techno-music festival held in Berlin from 1989 to 2003, with reboots several years afterwards. The reason it shows inaccuracies with Metropolis’ communication of the future is because it shows technology being used to gather people from many walks of life, create music, and celebrate love.
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Blog Drei: Find an example in Berlin (not TV, online, etc.) of communication from a regional, city, or national governmental body about a particular technology. Drawing on Habermas, examine it first from a public sphere perspective: What information is needed about this technology for citizens of a democracy to have informed civic debate and deliberation about it? Then, drawing on Jaganathan et al , examine it from a rhetoric of advertising perspective: What persuasive arguments might a manufacturer or distributor of the same technology want to make to the public?
“Citizens behave as a public body when they confer in an unrestricted fashion—that is, with the guarantee of freedom of assembly and association and the freedom to express and publish their views” (Habermas Page 1). The photo above contains the background of a communist rally in Paris. Passing this rally there were cars parked in the middle of the street with newspapers, pamphlets, and communist flags. “Newspapers changed from mere institutions for publication of news into bearers and leaders of public opinion—weapons of party politics” (Habermas Page 3). These newspapers contained the communist plan for government and how it compared to France’s current government. These forms of technology were used to educate the French people of the ‘communist way.’ In order to process the communist party rally, the people need to understand what communism is and how it is implemented in government compared to France’s current government.
“While the language of advertising needs to be concise and manifest a great impact, every element used via the codification also portrays the different styles in putting forth a message creatively” (Jaganathan Page 2). The pamphlets handed out were written in different languages to communicate to all the people in the region of Paris. In these papers, the argument is made that the French government is corrupt and that the only way to save France is to reform to the Communist Manifesto. In order to combat this type of communication and demonstration, the government can come back with examples of where communism fails and why communism actually limits the citizen, rather than freeing. The government will have to appeal to the public sphere.“By “the public sphere” we mean first of all a realm of our social life in which something approaching public opinion can be formed” (Habermas Page 1). The government would have to present the argument against communism in a multilingual way to address all citizens. They would need to cut down the utopian idea of communism and address its true agenda through past history examples.
Review notes on Futurism. Read “The Furturist Manifesto.” What exhibit at the Mercedes Benz Museum do you think Marinetti would like the most? Why?
According to F.T Marinetti, “No reason to die unless it is the desire to be rid of the too great weight of our courage! We drove on, crushing beneath our burning wheels, like shirt-collars under the iron, the watch dogs on the steps of the houses.” On the tour at the Mercedes museum, I notice these two cars as a symbol of the enduring human spirit to have the courage and to fully embrace the desire and the adrenaline of the speed of the car. You should not feel ashame or guilty for taking a chance for the advancements in speed car. The death of some many drivers for Mercedes is a result of creative destruction. Just When Marinetti alluded in the Futurist Manifesto that, “Death, tamed, went in front of me this at each corner offering me his hand nicely, and sometimes lay on the ground with a noise of creaking jaws giving me velvet glances from the bottom of puddles.” For the death of these people created an opportunity for the advancement in the creation of a faster and efficient car. As the cars got faster the in the sports cars so did the fashion such as the goggles, hats, gloves, jackets. The images that Mercedes had throughout the museum with celebrities, political figures, and everyday folks is a “testament to all the living men of the earth. “ It takes some sweat, tears, and failure to fully live out the meaning of the human endurance and that’s what defines a person.
Prompt 1 (extended): Pick a concept from the chapter 14 reading on cross-cultural communication and PR that you have seen exemplified during our time here so far. Perhaps at a cafe you've witnessed differences in how space is used (Proxemics). Maybe on a weekend trip you've seen ways that people from some countries view time differently than we tend to (Chronemics). Or perhaps you've seen a really clever ad that bridges cultural/linguistic boundaries. Post a photo or video, and explain how it captures or illustrates the concept you choose.
pictured above; French Cathedral cir. 1705
Germany, previously known as the “Holy Roman Empire,” has long struggled over their perception of religion. In the 18th century, the "nation-state" was divided into thousands of smaller kingdoms which were not united by a central religion. Philosopher and historian, Voltaire, is quoted during this time as observing that, “the Holy Roman Empire is neither Holy, nor Roman, nor an Empire," yet, “Holy” remained in the name of the land until 1806.
Skipping ahead to the early 1900s, Germany's government systems through the end of World War II were secular and some, such as the Nazi Regime, even discouraged religious practices. With a history such as Germany, how do we expect German culture to perceive religion in the present day? How does German culture communicate these perceptions?
pictured above; Census Map - Unaffliliated with Religion (Ergebnissen des Zensus 2011)
In present-day Paris, there are a total of 197 places of worship in city-center. Compare that to Berlin’s measly 11 (Berlinfo.com). Berlin, and Germany as a whole, has a culture that is less focused on religion compared with other nations. The percentage of German citizens who say they are unaffiliated with any religion is 35.4% as compared to only 24% in the United States. Those who lived in East Germany were subject to socialist ideology throughout the Cold War which discouraged faith and encouraged concrete physical community in areas such as sports. Even still today, we can see the striking regional religious differences in the map above showing those claiming to be “non-religious”.
Fun Fact: The Kirchensteuer, or Church Tax, has existed in Germany since 1827. All members of a church must pay a government tax to that church in the form of a paycheck deduction. In a 2015 poll, 84% of Germans said they disapprove of this tax model. This may contribute to German’s sour mood towards religion. (Der Tagesspiegel)
pictured above; Sign at Bus Stop Defaced by AfD supporter
More recently, Germany has seen some changes to their cultural perception of religion. Culture is defined in Chapter 14 as, “behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought”. Regarding behavioral patterns, it has been publicized that over 200,000 Germans left the Catholic Church last year (christiantoday.com). Along with that, Germany has seen the dramatic rise of power of the AfD, which stands for Alternative for Germany. This organization is a far-right political party which was founded in 2013 and now is the 2nd most popular party in Germany (thelocal.de). The sign above stating “Muslims Not Welcome” shows the effects of this rise to power. The party’s platform centralizes on blaming Muslim immigrants for the majority of Europe’s problems. AfD and its members’ rejection of other religions and sects of people shows a rejection of globalization – “the growing economic interdependence of the world’s people” (Chapter 14). The audacity of party leaders leads members to show their support for the party in more “vocal” ways, which explains the sign which reads, “AfD Territory” on the back.
Overall, Germany’s unique historical situation has shaped it’s culture’s struggle with faith. As you venture through Berlin, you see less religious icons and more “technological marvels”, such as the Berlin TV tower seen towering over a church steeple in the first image. Recently, German culture has reflected less church attendance and more anti-Islamic rhetoric as the world moves through the uncharted waters of the 21st century.
Prompt 1 Extended: Capture an advertisement that you think would be ineffective in the U.S. Tell me why it would be ineffective, and then describe how you might do it differently for a U.S. market. Post a photo of the advertisement so that your classmates and I can see what you're referring to. (Note: You cannot post something in German and say "it would be ineffective because it isn't in English" or something similar. Think in terms of the intended message, intended audience, and how both are communicated - would the spirit of the message be ineffective? Why?) Make a connection to at least one of our readings from the program.
Pictured above are posters advocating for the Communist Renaissance in France. Translations include “Break the chains of the European Union” and “Macron & EU: They destroy our Social Conquest”. The Pole de Renaissance Communists en France or PRCF are advocating for a rebirth of communism and the dismantlement of democracy in France and the rest of the European Union.
These posters would most likely be ineffective in the United States due to a difference in culture. As we have learned from our readings, culture can be defined as “the set behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought characteristic of [a] group” (GM Chapter 14, pg. 428). France, along with much of the European Union, has had direct experience with socialism and communism throughout history that has recently been seen in a romantic light due to the current EU government’s shortfalls (Cato.org). In contrast, American culture has, since it’s infancy, celebrated the strength of the individual and the power of a self-balancing capitalistic model (newhistory.org). These fundamental historical differences produce a present-day culture that values different economic models and favors different ways of governance.
The fundamental differences between the European Union and the United States can complicate international relations and public communication. With the rapid onset of globalization, the “increasing economic, social, and political interdependencies around the world” (Zerfass, 2015, pg. 785), the Communist Renaissance potentially will want their message to be adapted to reach the American public without alienating them. If pulled directly, translated, and posted around major American cities, the result would be just short of disaster.
First, the poster appeals to anger with the European Union. As mentioned before, European citizens have had experiences with their central government that Americans have not experienced which has led them to regress back to communistic ideals, i.e. overreaching regulation, wasteful spending, wealth inequality among member nations (washingtonpost.com). Although it can be argued that the United States shares these experiences, American culture tends to place blame on the politicians and not the political system. The closest appeal some American’s could stomach for a call to switch to communism is the toxicity of big corporations and wealth inequality brought about by capitalism.
Second, the poster advocates for communism. In America, a nation with a history of hunting down communists and sending them to prison (amnh.org), the idea of openly calling for a shift to communism is a culture-shock. Therefore, taking all into consideration, adapting this poster for use in the United States should substitute the EU with big corporations and substitute the word communism with something to the effect of “positive change”. My idea would be a minimalistic poster with different facts about wealth inequality in America and statements of brotherhood and community.
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Prompt 1: Computerspielmuseum / DDR Museum: Public Communication of Sport Sciences and Technologies. Compare and contrast an example from each museum that talks about, shows, or otherwise presents a science or technology used in sports. Embed a music video of one song you would choose to play along with each sport (one for each, two songs total). Use supporting quotes from McLeod to explain why you chose those songs.
pictured above; Poly-Play cir. 1985
In East Germany and other socialist nations, there was a focus on community, competition, and childhood. The artifact I chose from the DDR museum was a booklet of stickers used to congratulate young children on their athletic excellence. East Germany focused on educating the children to become good socialists and sports were a fantastic way to do this. The soundtrack I chose for this artifact is “Take Me Out To The Ball Game” – a classic sports soundtrack that has simple lyrics and a playful melody that seems designed for children. As McLeod says, “sports and music have largely been driven by and appealed to the energy of youth” (pg. 536).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TSYWX7ZXd5I
Looking at a slightly older generation, East Germany attempted to attract the youth by using the newest innovation of the time – video games. The artifact I chose from the Computerspielmuseum is the Poly-Play system shown above. This machine contained several video games copied from the West (unbeknownst to the East Germans) and served to foster a sense of competitive community similar to the children's stickers from the DDR museum. However, this machine served less as a community tool and more as a marvel of the East’s technological ability. However, for most East Germans, they probably used it for another reason: as McLeod says, “it is arguably the very experience of sports, with its suspension of real time and space, that offers the transgressive release from oppressive reality” (pg. 535). The soundtrack I chose for this artifact is Motorhead’s “Breaking The Law” not only because it is a “hypermasculinized sports rock anthem” (pg. 532) that riles the youth up, but also because it’s lyrics reflect the desire to break the rules and rebel against the mundane life of the socialist regime.
Blog Drei: At Teufelsberg this week you will see a lot of graffiti. It's a cultural phenomenon here - highly skilled artists have been allowed to paint the walls of this defunct spy station. Some murals have lasted years, while others are painted over from one week to the next. As Ledingham tells us, “Public relations is best defined and practiced as the active attempt to restore and maintain a sense of community.” How is this graffiti a function of community building/maintenance? How might this space be different in the U.S.? Would the owners of this property or the federal government be likely to allow this long-term graffiti haven to continue untouched by anyone who isn't part of the community? Post a selection of murals to illustrate your post.
The graffiti at Teufelsberg is the free expression of the people. The art on the buildings represent a culture healing. The graffiti helps the people voice their opinions and views of their society and allow others to see different opinions through art. The graffiti keeps the buildings at Teufelsberg standing. Without the graffiti art Teufelsberg would have already been turned into luxury apartments. People paying to see the graffiti funds the people’s ability to keep the space as a creative outlet for all German citizens.
In the US graffiti is generally seen as sketch art that vandalizes buildings, rather than giving them character. The US government would probably have gotten rid of a graffiti park like Teufelsberg because of fear that the space would be turned into a place where crime is high. In the US the more graffiti on the walls of buildings generally correlates to the more crime in that area (LiveScience). In most places in the US fines are in place so that graffiti art has to be taken down (Denver Post). I believe it is because the government can not benefit from graffiti they do not value it. Graffiti has always been a form of art and the US government sees it as a form of serious crime due to correlations (Graffiti and Crime). It is a shame that the US does not value graffiti like Germany does in Teufelsberg. Graffiti can be beautiful, inspiring, and brutally honest.
Blog Drei: Dimeo, Hunt & Horbury, “The Individual and the State: A Social Historical Analysis of the East German ‘Doping System’” explores a governmental scandal about a sports/medical technology. Compare this to a contemporary sports scandal of your choice, using at least two quotes from the reading. Take a local photo to illustrate the East German doping scandal in some way, and another photo to illustrate the scandal you choose.
“Doping in the German Democratic Republic, which was central to the
national policy for sport from the mid-1960s to the collapse of the Soviet
satellite in November 1989, has been represented as fundamentally
different to other historical and contemporary examples of doping” (Dimeo, 1). The article above advertises the doping scandal that happened during the Soviet reign. It walks through the setting of East Germany and if the doping scandal was true or not. It is brought to light with Germany going to the World Cup in 2014. As the Soviet reign in Germany ended, there became “...overwhelming, hard evidence of some of the doping, and that since the country no longer exists as a separate entity it has been easier for the details to be publicly aired” (Dimeo, 2). It became clear that after the Soviets left, they had been dosing their athletes for years and had started doping them from a young age.
“What is important to note is that the use of performance-enhancing
drugs was a systematic part of . . . East German sports policy, and that
it involved a wide variety of people . . . the drugs were provided by the
state, and all aspects of the athletes’ development, including those
relating to the administration of drugs, were supervised and monitored
by specialists in sports medicine” (Dimeo, 8). This concept that doping was a fundamental part of sports is being repeated in Russia. Russia has repeatedly been disqualified due to doping, but this does not seem to stop them. Doping in Russia was banned in 2016, but according to one player he seems to believe the scandal was not an accident. “‘You'd never know if it was on purpose or by accident, but obviously that's been banned for a year and a half and I can't imagine that that was something that happened on purpose,’ said John Shuster, the captain of the U.S. men's curling team” (NBC Article). Because the ban on doping athletes is still relatively new in Russia, his teammate does not seem to think it was an accident. A teammate of the accused athlete states “...that there is absolutely strength and conditioning and fitness in curling and you know it (doping) will give you a little bit of an edge’“ (NBC Article).
The idea of doping does not seem to be condemned by the accused athlete. If anything, his teammate seems sympathetic. The same idea ran through East Germany. When the doping scandal of East Berlin was taken to court, “...over 1,000 former athletes were asked to testify, but only 300 did” (Dimeo, 19). The fact that the majority of athletes did not testify proves that the people did not think the doping was wrong. They did not have a problem with it. Even with long term side effects the former athletes of East Germany did not care.