Complete Guide to Annual Reporting and Compliance for Indian Companies
Annual reporting is a critical compliance requirement for businesses operating in India. Whether you're meeting statutory obligations or demonstrating performance to stakeholders, companies are mandated to follow a structured format for reporting. These reports help ensure transparency, governance, and compliance with Indian regulations under the Companies Act, 2013.
This blog walks you through the detailed process of creating an annual report for your company in India, covering essential elements like board reports, director’s reports, CSR disclosures, ROC filings, and ESG reporting. Let's dive into the must-follow steps to ensure your company stays compliant and communicates effectively with stakeholders.
What is an Annual Report?
An annual report is a comprehensive document that outlines a company’s performance, governance, operations, and corporate social responsibility activities over the course of a financial year. The key components of an annual report for Indian companies typically include:
Financial Statements: Balance sheet, profit and loss account, and cash flow.
Board’s Report: Summary of board meetings, decisions, and company operations.
Director’s Report: Details on the company’s activities, governance, and financial status.
CSR Report: Reporting on corporate social responsibility initiatives, if applicable.
Statutory Auditor’s Report: Findings from the company’s auditors on its financial health.
ROC Filings: Documentation filed with the Registrar of Companies to meet statutory requirements.
ESG Disclosures: Environmental, social, and governance-related disclosures for large and listed companies.
Annual Report Format for Indian Companies
A well-structured annual report provides essential insights into the company’s performance and operations. The typical format for an Indian company’s annual report should include:
Company Overview and Business Highlights
Financial Summary (both standalone and consolidated)
Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A)
Board’s Report
Director’s Report
CSR Report (if applicable)
Secretarial Audit Report
Corporate Governance Report
Audited Financials
Notes to Accounts
ESG Disclosures (if applicable)
Annexures and Statutory Disclosures
Board Report Format under Companies Act, 2013
The Board’s Report must adhere to Section 134 of the Companies Act, 2013, and must include:
Financial performance: Profitability and balance sheet details.
Dividend declarations: Information on profit distribution.
State of the company’s affairs: Insights into company health and operations.
Director appointments and resignations: Updates on changes in the board.
Risk management policies: Approaches for managing operational risks.
CSR activity summary: Overview of corporate social responsibility initiatives.
Internal financial controls: Assessment of financial governance.
Auditor’s remarks and responses: Auditor’s opinion on the company’s financial records.
Director’s Report: Key Inclusions
The director’s report is a vital part of the annual reporting process, providing insight into the company’s legal compliance and operational performance. Important inclusions in the director's report are:
Statement of compliance with the Companies Act.
Directors’ responsibility statement: Confirmation of adherence to accounting standards.
Company’s reserves and surplus: Details of accumulated profits and retained earnings.
Future outlook and plans: Projections for the upcoming year.
Energy conservation: Initiatives for reducing energy consumption.
Foreign exchange earnings: Insights into the company’s international business activities.
How to Write a Company Report in India – Step-by-Step
Data Collection: Gather financial data, operational insights, and legal updates from departments like finance, HR, and legal.
Organize the Report: Follow statutory headings and templates as per Indian regulations.
Draft Reports: Write the board’s report and director’s report, making sure to include all necessary compliance information.
CSR Disclosures: If applicable, include a CSR report according to Section 135.
Validate ESG Reporting: Ensure any environmental or governance disclosures are accurate and in compliance with current standards.
Internal Review: Have the CFO and Company Secretary (CS) review the document, followed by a statutory audit.
ROC Filing: Submit the necessary documents to the Registrar of Companies (ROC) within due dates.
Distribution: Share the report with shareholders and upload it on the company’s website for public access.
ROC Filing Annual Report – Essential Forms
According to the Companies Act, 2013, the following forms need to be filed for annual reporting:
MGT-7: Annual return
AOC-4: Financial statements
AOC-4 XBRL: For public and listed companies
ADT-1: Auditor appointment
CRA-4: Cost audit report (if applicable)
Ensure that all forms are digitally signed and submitted within the stipulated timelines to avoid penalties.
CSR Reporting in India – Key Requirements
Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 mandates CSR reporting for certain companies based on financial criteria:
Net worth of ₹500 crore or more
Annual turnover of ₹1,000 crore or more
Net profit of ₹5 crore or more
The CSR report should include:
CSR policy and strategy
Amount spent on CSR and unspent funds
Details of CSR projects
Impact assessment (if applicable)
Monitoring mechanisms
Corporate Governance Report in India
For listed companies, a Corporate Governance Report is required under SEBI LODR regulations. It includes:
Board and committee composition
Attendance records of directors
Related party transactions
Risk management and compliance framework
Board performance evaluation
ESG Reporting in India: A Growing Mandate
As environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors gain importance, more companies are required to disclose their ESG performance. The Business Responsibility and Sustainability Report (BRSR) is now mandatory for the top 1,000 listed companies in India. Key areas include:
Environmental impact and sustainability efforts
Social welfare and inclusion programs
Corporate governance structure
Alignment with UN SDGs and GRI standards
Final Words: Invest in Professional Reporting for Compliance and Transparency
Annual reporting isn’t just a statutory obligation—it’s a powerful tool for promoting transparency, fostering investor confidence, and ensuring good governance. From preparing board reports and director’s reports to CSR disclosures and ESG reporting, every document plays a key role in the company’s overall strategy. To avoid penalties and streamline the reporting process, companies must invest in professional report writing and legal vetting.
NG & Associates offers expert services for annual report formatting, ROC filings, director’s and board report drafting, CSR and ESG reporting, and more to help your business comply with all legal requirements efficiently.
