#construction tutorial

In this video, you will how to create your own spreadsheet to determine the volume of cement (in cft & bags), sand and aggregates.

You have to just provide the proportions of concrete and volume of concrete. After pressing enter, the desired result will be shown automatically. You can save your huge time in calculation.

Suppose, proportion of concrete is taken as 1:2:4. (one part cement : two part sand : four part aggregates). Volume of concrete work is taken as 500 cft. Now, in order to determine the quantity of cement in cft., put the cursor on the specific cell of concrete volume and apply the formula i.e. =(D2*1.54*A2)/(A2+B2+C2).

Here 1.54 is taken to convert wet volume of concrete to dry volume of concrete.

After putting the value, we get (Volume of concrete x 1.54 x proportion of cement)/(sum of proportions) i.e. (500 x 1.54 x 1)/7 = 110 cft.

To convert it to bags, just divide it with 1.25 (the country’s bag volume).

110/1.25 = 88 bags

In this way, you can make the other calculation.

For more information, watch the following video tutorial.

The following types of estimating methods are mostly recognized :-

Center line method, Long wall and short wall method, Bay method, Service unit method

Center line method: This method is used to determine the quantity of wall or any construction building. This method ( Centre line ) is effective for walls which contain identical cross sections. To quickly determine the total quantity, the total centre line length is multiplied with breadth and depth of related item.

When cross walls or partitions or verandah walls are affixed with main wall, the length of the centre line is reduced by half of breadth for each junction. Such junction or joints are evaluated carefully while going to calculate the total centre line length.

Long Wall and Short wall method - Under this method, the wall across the length of room is treated as long wall whereas the wall vertical to long wall is considered as short wall.

To obtain the length of longwall or shortwall, initially work out the centre line lengths of individual walls. Then the length of long wall, (out to out) should have been computed as soon as half breadth is at each end to its centre line length.

Thus the length of short wall measured into in and is obtained by subtracting half breadth from its centre line length at each end.

Bay method - This method is usually applied if the building contains various bays. The cost of the one class room is estimated and then multiplied with the number of bays in that building. It also includes the additional cost of the end walls and discrepancy in framing.

Service unit method – The work ‘service unit’ is associated with the purpose of a building or civil engineering work. Approximate estimates for different types of buildings/works can be done with the service unit method.

The approximate estimate in this method is dependent on the cost per service unit that is accrued for a building or work built up in recent times.

Retaining walls are generally developed to retain soil mass. Conversely, retaining walls are also built up for aesthetic landscaping purposes.

Suppose, net working shear force is given as V

To calculate this shear force, you have to apply the following formula :-

(1.5p – W) = (1.5 x 81.12 – 102.4) = 19.28 KN

Here, P stands for total horizontal earth pressure.

W stands for maximum possible frictional forces.

Factored Shear Force = 1.5 x V = 19.28 x 5 = 28.92 KN

To learn the complete process, watch the following video.

In this video, the proper solution is given to the following problem :-

Design a single column footing on the basis of the following criteria :-

1) Column = 14” x 14” 2) Steel grade= fy=60 Ksi 3) fc’ = 3 ksi ( for footing) 2) fc’ = 4 ksi ( for column) 3) sL.L =260 kips 4) sD.L = 390 kips 5) bearing capacity = qa = 6 ksf 5’ below the grade

A footing belongs to an expansion of the base of a column or wall in order to disperse the load on the supporting soil at a pressure satisfying its properties.

Footings are designed for retaining the functional loads, moments and forces and the motivated reactions and to make sure that any settlement which may happen must be completely identical and the safe bearing capacity of soil should not surpass.