#causative-passive

This is like me trying to do potential, causative, causative-passive, and passive forms. I find myself doing the conjugation step by step which is way too slow for speaking.

This is by far the best interface that I've used! It doesn't have causative-passive, though. That's okay because I can practice that when I get the others down.

Alternatives

For my reference.

This one has more challenging modes, like changing from a non-dictionary form.

For causative-passive practice

こんにちは皆さん！私はサクラです。For today's post, we will be talking about Passive, Causative, and Causative-Passive verbs. Sometimes, we find ourselves in unwanted situations. For example, you could be forced to doing something you hate or someone does something much to your dismay. But how do you know which verb to use? In order to figure out, it is best to look at the verb forms and how they are used.

1. Passive

Passive verbs are used when someone does something that irks you. For example, if a friend were to make your room messy and you are upset about it, you could say 「私は友達に部屋をめちゃくちゃになられました」(Watashi wa tomodachi ni heya o mechakucha ni nararemashita). This can also apply when someone does something that bothers another person.

When making the sentences, have the victim be followed by the particle は and the perpetrator be followed by に. Afterwards, the action will be mentioned while using a passive verb. Keep in mind, when using a ru verb, you must combine the stem verb with られる (rareru). U verbs are a little similar, however the spelling will depend on the verb's final character. As for くる and する, their passive forms are こられる (korareru) and される (sareru).

Examples

彼女はジョンさんにふられました。

Kanojo wa jon san ni furaremashita.

She was dumped by John (and she was upset).

私は弟に音楽をうるさくなられました。

Watashi wa otouto ni ongaku o urusakunararemashita.

My younger brother made loud music (and I am mad).

彼は彼女にこられました。

Kare wa kanojo ni koraremashita.

She came to him (to his annoyance).

2. Causative

Causative verbs are used when someone makes somebody do something. This is not always negative, as sometimes these verbs are used when someone lets someone else do something. If a person were to say "He let me read a book," it would be「彼は私に本を読ませました」(Kare ha watashi ni hon o yomasemashita).

To make the sentences, although は and に are used, the person who directs the other person comes first while the performer comes after. For ru verbs, the stem verb is combined with させる (saseru). Just like their passive forms, u verbs are similar to ru verbs, however the spelling will depend on the verb's last character. For くる and する、the causative forms are こさせる (kosaseru) and させる (saseru).

Examples

先生は学生に毎週クイズをとらせました。

Sensei wa gakusei ni maishuu kuizu o torasemashita.

The teacher made the students take a quiz every week.

お姉さんは妹さんに服を着替えさせました。

Oneesan wa imoutosan ni fuku o kigaesasemashita.

The older sister let her younger sister change her clothes.

先輩は後輩にそうじをさせました。

Senpai wa kouhai ni souji o sasemashita.

The senior made her junior do some cleaning.

3.Causative-Passive

These verbs are basically passive versions of Causative verbs. Using these verbs indicates that someone was talked into doing something or forced to do something they do not want to do. For ru verbs and u verbs that end with す, the stem verb is combined with させられる (saserareru). U verbs have される (sareru) at the end, but again the spelling will depend on the last character. For くる and する, it is こさせられる (kosaserareru) and させられる (saserareru).

Examples

私はお母さんに野菜を食べさせられます。

Watashi wa okaasan ni yasai o tabesaseraremasu.

My mother forces me to eat vegetables.

ケテイーさんはお姉さんに部屋をそうじさせられました。

Kateiisan wa oneesan ni heya o soujisaseraremashita.

Katie's older sister made her clean the room.

ゆきさんは弟にその物を買わされます。

Yukisan wa otouto ni sonomono o kawasaremasu.

Yuki's younger brother forces her to by that item.

Whether using Passive, Causative or Causative-Passive verbs, it can be hard to know how to address anything upsetting in Japanese. However, knowing the correct situation and verb form is the key to explaining about an unwanted incident.

Here's a list for a quick review.

Passive

Ru verbs

食べる/食べます＝食べられる/食べられます

U verbs

行く/行きます＝行かれる/行かれます

待つ/待ちます＝待たれる/待たれます

読む/読みます＝読まれる/読まれます

泳ぐ/泳ぎます＝泳がれる/泳がれます

買う/買います＝買われる/買われます

話す/話します＝話される/話されます

死ぬ/死にます＝死なれる/死なれます

取る/取ります＝取られる/取られます

遊ぶ/遊びます＝遊ばれる/遊ばれます

Irregular Verbs

くる/きます＝こられる/こられます

する/します＝される/されます

Causative

Ru verbs

食べる/食べます＝食べさせる/食べさせます

U verbs

行く/行きます＝行かせる/行かせます

待つ/待ちます＝待たせる/待たせます

読む/読みます＝読ませる/読ませます

泳ぐ/泳ぎます＝泳がせる/泳がせます

買う/買います＝買わせる/買わせます

話す/話します＝話させる/話させます

死ぬ/死にます＝死なせる/死なせます

取る/取ります＝取らせる/取らせます

遊ぶ/遊びます＝遊ばせる/遊ばせます

Irregular Verbs

くる/きます＝こさせる/こさせます

する/します＝させる/させます

Causative-passive

Ru verbs and U verbs that end with す 食べる/食べます＝食べさせられる/食させべられます

話す/話します＝話させられる/話させられます

U verbs

行く/行きます＝行かされる/行かされます

待つ/待ちます＝待たされる/待たされます

読む/読みます＝読まされる/読まされます

泳ぐ/泳ぎます＝泳がされる/泳がされます

買う/買います＝買わされる/買わされます

死ぬ/死にます＝死なされる/死なされます

取る/取ります＝取らされる/取らされます

遊ぶ/遊びます＝遊ばされる/遊ばされます

Irregular Verbs

くる/きます＝こさせられる/こさせられます

する/します＝させられる/させられます

That's it for today's lesson! これが終わります！ありがとうございました。