Passive, Causative, and Causative-Passive Verbs ๅๅๆ
ใไฝฟๅฝนใใจๅๅๆ
ใฎไฝฟๅฝน
ใใใซใกใฏ็ใใ๏ผ็งใฏใตใฏใฉใงใใFor today's post, we will be talking about Passive, Causative, and Causative-Passive verbs. Sometimes, we find ourselves in unwanted situations. For example, you could be forced to doing something you hate or someone does something much to your dismay. But how do you know which verb to use? In order to figure out, it is best to look at the verb forms and how they are used.
Passive verbs are used when someone does something that irks you. For example, if a friend were to make your room messy and you are upset about it, you could say ใ็งใฏๅ้ใซ้จๅฑใใใกใใใกใใซใชใใใพใใใ(Watashi wa tomodachi ni heya o mechakucha ni nararemashita). This can also apply when someone does something that bothers another person.
When making the sentences, have the victim be followed by the particle ใฏ and the perpetrator be followed by ใซ. Afterwards, the action will be mentioned while using a passive verb. Keep in mind, when using a ru verb, you must combine the stem verb with ใใใ (rareru). U verbs are a little similar, however the spelling will depend on the verb's final character. As for ใใ and ใใ, their passive forms are ใใใใ (korareru) and ใใใ (sareru).
ๅฝผๅฅณใฏใธใงใณใใใซใตใใใพใใใ
Kanojo wa jon san ni furaremashita.
She was dumped by John (and she was upset).
็งใฏๅผใซ้ณๆฅฝใใใใใใชใใใพใใใ
Watashi wa otouto ni ongaku o urusakunararemashita.
My younger brother made loud music (and I am mad).
ๅฝผใฏๅฝผๅฅณใซใใใใพใใใ
Kare wa kanojo ni koraremashita.
She came to him (to his annoyance).
Causative verbs are used when someone makes somebody do something. This is not always negative, as sometimes these verbs are used when someone lets someone else do something. If a person were to say "He let me read a book," it would beใๅฝผใฏ็งใซๆฌใ่ชญใพใใพใใใ(Kare ha watashi ni hon o yomasemashita).
To make the sentences, although ใฏ and ใซ are used, the person who directs the other person comes first while the performer comes after. For ru verbs, the stem verb is combined with ใใใ (saseru). Just like their passive forms, u verbs are similar to ru verbs, however the spelling will depend on the verb's last character. For ใใ and ใใใthe causative forms are ใใใใ (kosaseru) and ใใใ (saseru).
ๅ
็ใฏๅญฆ็ใซๆฏ้ฑใฏใคใบใใจใใใพใใใ
Sensei wa gakusei ni maishuu kuizu o torasemashita.
The teacher made the students take a quiz every week.
ใๅงใใใฏๅฆนใใใซๆใ็ๆฟใใใใพใใใ
Oneesan wa imoutosan ni fuku o kigaesasemashita.
The older sister let her younger sister change her clothes.
ๅ
่ผฉใฏๅพ่ผฉใซใใใใใใใพใใใ
Senpai wa kouhai ni souji o sasemashita.
The senior made her junior do some cleaning.
These verbs are basically passive versions of Causative verbs. Using these verbs indicates that someone was talked into doing something or forced to do something they do not want to do. For ru verbs and u verbs that end with ใ, the stem verb is combined with ใใใใใ (saserareru). U verbs have ใใใ (sareru) at the end, but again the spelling will depend on the last character. For ใใ and ใใ, it is ใใใใใใ (kosaserareru) and ใใใใใ (saserareru).
็งใฏใๆฏใใใซ้่ใ้ฃในใใใใใพใใ
Watashi wa okaasan ni yasai o tabesaseraremasu.
My mother forces me to eat vegetables.
ใฑใใคใผใใใฏใๅงใใใซ้จๅฑใใใใใใใใใพใใใ
Kateiisan wa oneesan ni heya o soujisaseraremashita.
Katie's older sister made her clean the room.
ใใใใใฏๅผใซใใฎ็ฉใ่ฒทใใใใพใใ
Yukisan wa otouto ni sonomono o kawasaremasu.
Yuki's younger brother forces her to by that item.
Whether using Passive, Causative or Causative-Passive verbs, it can be hard to know how to address anything upsetting in Japanese. However, knowing the correct situation and verb form is the key to explaining about an unwanted incident.
Here's a list for a quick review.
้ฃในใ/้ฃในใพใ๏ผ้ฃในใใใ/้ฃในใใใพใ
่กใ/่กใใพใ๏ผ่กใใใ/่กใใใพใ
ๅพ
ใค/ๅพ
ใกใพใ๏ผๅพ
ใใใ/ๅพ
ใใใพใ
่ชญใ/่ชญใฟใพใ๏ผ่ชญใพใใ/่ชญใพใใพใ
ๆณณใ/ๆณณใใพใ๏ผๆณณใใใ/ๆณณใใใพใ
่ฒทใ/่ฒทใใพใ๏ผ่ฒทใใใ/่ฒทใใใพใ
่ฉฑใ/่ฉฑใใพใ๏ผ่ฉฑใใใ/่ฉฑใใใพใ
ๆญปใฌ/ๆญปใซใพใ๏ผๆญปใชใใ/ๆญปใชใใพใ
ๅใ/ๅใใพใ๏ผๅใใใ/ๅใใใพใ
้ใถ/้ใณใพใ๏ผ้ใฐใใ/้ใฐใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใใ/ใใใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใ/ใใใพใ
้ฃในใ/้ฃในใพใ๏ผ้ฃในใใใ/้ฃในใใใพใ
่กใ/่กใใพใ๏ผ่กใใใ/่กใใใพใ
ๅพ
ใค/ๅพ
ใกใพใ๏ผๅพ
ใใใ/ๅพ
ใใใพใ
่ชญใ/่ชญใฟใพใ๏ผ่ชญใพใใ/่ชญใพใใพใ
ๆณณใ/ๆณณใใพใ๏ผๆณณใใใ/ๆณณใใใพใ
่ฒทใ/่ฒทใใพใ๏ผ่ฒทใใใ/่ฒทใใใพใ
่ฉฑใ/่ฉฑใใพใ๏ผ่ฉฑใใใ/่ฉฑใใใพใ
ๆญปใฌ/ๆญปใซใพใ๏ผๆญปใชใใ/ๆญปใชใใพใ
ๅใ/ๅใใพใ๏ผๅใใใ/ๅใใใพใ
้ใถ/้ใณใพใ๏ผ้ใฐใใ/้ใฐใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใใ/ใใใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใ/ใใใพใ
Ru verbs and U verbs that end with ใ
้ฃในใ/้ฃในใพใ๏ผ้ฃในใใใใใ/้ฃใใในใใใพใ
่ฉฑใ/่ฉฑใใพใ๏ผ่ฉฑใใใใใ/่ฉฑใใใใใพใ
่กใ/่กใใพใ๏ผ่กใใใใ/่กใใใใพใ
ๅพ
ใค/ๅพ
ใกใพใ๏ผๅพ
ใใใใ/ๅพ
ใใใใพใ
่ชญใ/่ชญใฟใพใ๏ผ่ชญใพใใใ/่ชญใพใใใพใ
ๆณณใ/ๆณณใใพใ๏ผๆณณใใใใ/ๆณณใใใใพใ
่ฒทใ/่ฒทใใพใ๏ผ่ฒทใใใใ/่ฒทใใใใพใ
ๆญปใฌ/ๆญปใซใพใ๏ผๆญปใชใใใ/ๆญปใชใใใพใ
ๅใ/ๅใใพใ๏ผๅใใใใ/ๅใใใใพใ
้ใถ/้ใณใพใ๏ผ้ใฐใใใ/้ใฐใใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใใใใ/ใใใใใใพใ
ใใ/ใใพใ๏ผใใใใใ/ใใใใใพใ
That's it for today's lesson! ใใใ็ตใใใพใ๏ผใใใใจใใใใใพใใใ
Illustration was made by yours-truly.