World’s Top Biennials, Triennials, and Miscellennials
The Biennial became an increasingly important international art exhibition, especially in 90′s, with the concept of curated exhibitions. Approximately 200 international art biennials, triennials, quadrennials, and quinquennials taking place all over the world. Biennials are important showcases for understanding or maybe shaping the art of the our time. And here listed the most important biennials of world according to art critics.
1. La Biennale di Venezia
It is called granfather of biennial circuit. Countries are presented by permenant pavillions and also there are pop-up pavillions around the city. Starting from May and ends at the end of November. It is famous for star artists and curators.
2. Documenta
Documenta is an exhibition of modern and contemporary art which takes place every five years in Kassel, Germany. It was founded by artist, teacher and curator Arnold Bode in 1955 as part of the Bundesgartenschau (Federal Horticultural Show) which took place in Kassel at that time, and was an attempt to bring Germany up to speed with modern art, both banishing and repressing the cultural darkness of Nazism.
Manifesta, the roving European Biennial of Contemporary Art, is a European pan-regional contemporary cultural biennale, described in 2010 by the Wall Street Journal as "stunning in its scope and uncompromisingly experimental in its approach" Unlike most biennials, Manifesta is held in a different location each time, and the concept of an itinerant event first took shape in Rotterdam in 1996 and the next one will take place in Zurich in 2016.
The world's second-oldest biennial after Venice, the Bienal de São Paulo has taken place every other year since 1951, when the biennial was founded by the Italian-Brazilian industrialist Ciccillo Matarazzo (1898–1977). The format of it is like its Venetian role model, São Paulo used to host national presentations as well as international exhibitions held under the direction of rotating chief curators.
The Havana Biennial Art Exhibition takes place in Havana (Cuba) every two years and features mainly non-western artists such as Latin American and Caribbean artists. During the event, artists transform the city into a big showcase of contemporary art it is held in different venues such as churches, art spaces, historical sites and outdoor city areas.
Began in 1973, making it the third oldest biennial in the world.
Held in even years, the Biennale is a three-month long exhibition. Additionally numerous events such as artist talks, film screenings, and guided tours take place and all is free to the public.
Typically, a well-known curator is selected by committee to produce a thematic group art exhibition.
The Istanbul Biennial began in 1987 and has become one of the most prestigious international art exhibitions that features modern and contemporary art. It is is held in different venues chosen by the biennial's curator such as warehouses, art spaces, historical sites and outdoor city areas. Considered as one of the most prestigious biennials alongside Venice, São Paulo and Sydney, the International İstanbul Biennial prefers an exhibition model which enables a dialogue between artists and the audience through the work of the artists instead of a national representation model. The curator, appointed by an international advisory board, develops a conceptual framework according to which a variety of artists and projects are invited to the exhibition.
Biennal was established in 1998, is shaped by the different concepts of well-known curators appointed to enter into a dialogue with the city, its general public, the people interested in art as well as the artists of this world.
The Shanghai Biennale was established in 1996 as a painting exhibition for local artists using traditional Chinese painting techniques. By 2000, the Shanghai Biennale became a thematic curated exhibition featuring international contemporary artists, including a high proportion of Chinese contemporary artists.