Hey! First off I wanted to say that I just discovered your blog and I'm loving it – it's been helping to cure some of my Fulbright anxiety :) I was just curious because some of your posts made it seem like you applied for Austria and Germany at the same time... is that possible?
Hey--glad you love my blog! What country/grant type are you applying for?
I did apply for both Germany and Austria (the ETA for both). The Austrian ETA grant is administered a little bit differently (directly by the Fulbright Commission in-country, as opposed to going through the FSB and IIE) so you are able to apply for it as well as any other grant. I ended up being given the Austria grant and being an alternate for Germany, said yes to Austria, and then a few days later was promoted from alternate to selected for Germany. I decided to stick with Austria.
Regarding margarita-or-gertrude's question, for Austria they call it a USTA, but it's the same thing as the ETA. You apply directly to the Fulbright commission in Austria (the AAEC) via their website www.fulbright.at under US Teaching Assistantships. The application is online-based and pretty straightforward. You fill out the online form in one sitting (it doesn't save) between November 15 and January 15. Additionally you have to mail them an application packet including the printed form, your resume, transcript, personal statement (I ended up combining my PS and SGP for the Germany ETA into one comprehensive document for this) in either English or German--whatever you are more comfortable with, writing it in German doesn't give you a better chance--plus hard copies of two letters of reference as well as a letter/certificate verifying your German proficiency. Because you apply for Austria later in the year (as late as mid-January vs. the hard deadline of October for Germany) the overall process is shorter. It's also one-step. Germany narrows it down to recommended finalists in January, and then if you are a finalist, there's more waiting until selection in April. With Austria, you submit your application and then find out in March or April your final status. Additionally, when you are accepted for the Austrian teaching assistantship, you are given a tentative school assignment in your acceptance email, whereas with Germany you have to wait to find out.
Both the Germany and Austria programs are awesome. You can find out more details about the Austria teaching assistantship on the site. Some basic differences are that Germany pays for the plane ticket, Austria doesn't, but the monthly salary/grant amount in Austria is higher, so it more than balances out. Additionally, the Austrian health insurance is more comprehensive (full health insurance vs. accident/injury). I have heard from current/past Austria TAs who did both Germany and Austria that they felt Austria was less bureaucratic and more supportive of the TAs, but I'm sure that a lot of it has to do with personal preferences.
Ultimately there are pros and cons to both programs, and my personal advice is to apply for both...having options never hurts. A rumor (emphasis on this) that I heard during my waiting period is that if you are an alternate or non-selected for Germany, Austria may give your application more priority because they know you will not be turning them down for Germany. I have no idea if that is true at all.