#athanagild

Warned of Chilperic’s playboy reputation, Athanagild had not immediately accepted Chilperic’s offer of marriage. Brunhild had converted from Arianism to Catholicism for Sigibert. Galswintha would also convert to her new husband’s preferred religion, but only on the condition that Chilperic be her faithful Christian husband. The Visigoths were much more prudish in this respect; their code prohibited the keeping of concubines and mistresses. And so Athanagild demanded Chilperic swear a solemn oath, a sacramentum, to repudiate all other women. Everyone would have understood who, exactly, Athanagild was referring to. This was the precondition to the marriage that Chilperic so eagerly sought: a king must swear to stay away from a slave. The fact that Chilperic was forced to make this particular promise hints that Fredegund’s hold over the king had already raised some eyebrows. There seems to have been no concern that his exiled first wife might return from her cloister – even though her three legitimate sons were being groomed to be warriors in their father’s armies – nor that any other of Chilperic’s former mistresses would dare disrespect this new powerful queen. But Fredegund, specifically, was perceived to be a potential problem. Chilperic agreed to this demand. He wanted this illustrious alliance more than he wanted any slave girl. He readily agreed that Fredegund would be sent away. But she would not be cast aside so easily. She kept her own counsel – and made her own plans.

Shelley Puhak, The Dark Queens: A gripping tale of power, ambition and murderous rivalry in early medieval

Goswintha

Goswintha (also spelled Goiswintha) was a powerful Visigothic queen who lived during the 6th century. She was queen consort twice and played a major political and religious role in the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania and Septimania. Known for her intelligence, determination, and fierce defense of Arian Christianity, she influenced dynastic politics across Iberia and Gaul.

The exact date and place of Goswintha’s birth are unknown, as is common for early medieval figures. She was likely born into a high-ranking Gothic noble family, which made her a valuable political match. Her education and status suggest she was well prepared for court life and governance.

Goswintha became queen consort upon her marriage to King Athanagild, who ruled during a period of internal instability and Byzantine intervention in the Iberian Peninsula. The union produced two daughters, Brunhilda and Galswintha, both of whom were married into the Merovingian royal family. Through these marriages, Goswintha was closely connected to the political affairs of both the Visigothic and Frankish realms.

Following Athanagild’s death in 567, the Visigothic kingdom experienced a brief period of political uncertainty. Although the sources provide limited detail regarding Goswintha’s activities during this interregnum, her eventual remarriage to Leovigild suggests that she remained a significant figure within the royal milieu and a valuable source of dynastic legitimacy. This marriage strengthened Leovigild’s political position by linking his reign to the previous royal house. As queen consort, Goswintha appears to have exercised influence particularly in matters of religion and court politics.

Goswintha was a committed adherent of Arian Christianity, the traditional confession of the Visigothic elite. Her religious convictions brought her into conflict with Catholic members of the royal family, most notably her granddaughter Ingund, the Frankish Catholic wife of Leovigild’s son Hermenegild. Gregory of Tours in his Historia Francorum claims that Goswintha attempted to force Ingund to accept Arian baptism and that this effort included physical violence—Ingund was allegedly beaten and humiliated for refusing conversion.

The rebellion of Hermenegild, following his conversion to Catholicism, constituted a major crisis for Leovigild’s reign. Although some modern scholars have speculated about Goswintha’s possible involvement on dynastic grounds, no contemporary source directly implicates her in the revolt. Hermenegild was eventually captured, imprisoned, and executed by order of his father.

After the death of Leovigild in 586, the succession of his son Reccared I appears initially to have been supported by the queen dowager Goswintha, likely in the expectation that the kingdom’s Arian religious policy would be maintained. This expectation was soon disappointed. Reccared’s conversion to Catholicism and the convocation of the Third Council of Toledo in 589 marked a decisive transformation in the religious identity of the Visigothic kingdom.