#about linux os

http://www.everythingliveon.com/vivid-vervet-doesnt-have-much-meat-on-its-bones/

Vivid Vervet Doesn't Have Much Meat on Its Bones

In what is becoming a recurring scenario for Ubuntu desktop releases, you will not see much new in Ubuntu 15.04, aka “Vivid Vervet” (as in East African monkey) unless you peer under the hood.

Canonical last Thursday made its latest desktop release available for download. Canonical is Ubuntu’s parent company and developer of the Ubuntu family of Linux OSes for server, desktop, cloud, phone and Internet of Things platforms.

Vivid Vervet’s lineage stretches across a wide range of enterprise and consumer computing devices. Canonical earlier last week announced the availability of a family of Ubuntu 15.04 Linux operating systems that introduce new tools spanning cloud, device, client and IoT development.

That said, do not let your enthusiasm for burning a shiny new plastic Ubuntu installation DVD get the best of you. The release of Ubuntu 15.04 for the desktop includes mostly maintenance and bug fixes, along with new integrated menus and dashboard usability improvements.

I looked at Ubuntu’s flagship desktop environment, Unity, but most of the technical improvements are rolled into Ubuntu’s other desktop choices as well. These include Matte, GNOME and Kubuntu.

A Solid Experience

This latest release varies little from last year’s 14.04 LTS and 14.10 releases, but don’t take that as a criticism. Avid Ubuntu users will welcome the fixes and polishing. They certainly make the desktop experience better.

Ubuntu 15.04 is a well-executed maintenance release with major software updates, but little else is new.

Perhaps the most significant technical change in this desktop release is the adoption of Systemd to replace the default init manager system. A significant number of continuing Linux distros are joining the SystemD party line after the Debian Technical Committee arm-twisted the move to leave Sysvinit behind.

Despite all the hoopla that vilified both options last year, you will not notice much, if any, significant changes in Ubuntu 15.04. Perhaps a slightly speedier boot and more fluid log-in screen is all you will see.

Other communities over the last few years were feuding over the merits of Sysvinit versus Systemd. In the interim, Canonical developed its own initialization approach, called “Start.”

Making Systemd the default “was a decision to prevent fragmentation of Linux itself. It was a monumental amount of work. If we did a good job, no user should ever notice,” Canonical VP for Professional and Engineering Services Jon Melamut told LinuxInsider.

Noteworthy Changes

Ubuntu 15.04 has a partial Linux kernel upgrade. It uses the Linux 3.19.3 kernel. It features improved graphics and file system support. You will have to wait for the next Ubuntu release to get the even newer Linux kernel 4.0 with its no reboot patching feature.

Another potentially key change in this latest Ubuntu release may ease the annoyance some users feel over its appearance. This new version uses a local menu system, replacing the global menu as the default.

The difference is the local menu system embeds application menus inside the window border instead of at the top of the screen. Of course, you can change that preference in the system settings panel. Go to System settings/appearance/behavior to switch back.

If you are color-sensitive, prepare yourself. The desktop background is now overly purple.

Updated Packages

As with most new Ubuntu releases, nearly all of the major applications are refreshed to their newest versions. This includes applications, system tools and accessory programs. Many of these packages came from an automatic sync from Debian’s unstable branch. Others have been pulled in explicitly for Ubuntu 15.04.

Some pleasant surprises include Firefox 37.0 and Chromium 41 for the Web browsers. Pulseaudio is updated to version 6. This paves the way for a move to BlueZ 5 in the next release.

LibreOffice 4.4.2.2 is the default office suite, bringing increased business productivity. Updated features in the suite include improved change-tracking in Writer; enhanced mail merge performance; and improved shapes, which now can have fully formatted content with tables. Also new is the support for digitally signed PDF exports.

Some other updates in the LibreOffice suite are the addition of statistics functions in Calc and password protected documents in Impress. Both Impress and Draw have support for slide transitions.

Missing Mir

I was disappointed by the absence of one potentially major improvement to the under-the-hood functionality in this new desktop release. I am referring to the anticipated switch to Unity 8, with Mir as the new display server for the desktop.

Bottom Line

Although Ubuntu 15.04 leaves me wanting more, it is a solid Linux distro. It upholds the high standards and industry-leading position earned for the nearly constant introduction of new things in each major release.

That said, it is one new release too many with little or no pizazz. Canonical is making huge strides elsewhere in its ecosystem, but if it leaves users hungry for too much longer, the company might find its base eroding, as users shift toward more innovative Linux desktops.

Ubuntu 15.04 is one release that many Ubuntu users can skip and not miss a thing.

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http://www.everythingliveon.com/bodacious-bodhi-broadens-linux-desktop/

Bodacious Bodhi Broadens Linux Desktop

Bodhi Linux 3.0.0 RC3’s implementation of the Enlightenment desktop, makes an awesome desktop computing platform for office or home.

Bodhi is one of only a handful of Linux distros embracing the Enlightenment environment. Its developers call Bodhi the Enlightened Linux Distribution.

Beware if you try it: Bodhi Linux could easily become your favorite Linux distro.

That accolade does not come easily from me. I have become very attached to the latest Linux Mint release running the Cinnamon desktop. As flexible and feature rich as Cinnamon has become, Enlightenment exceeds it by leaps and bounds.

Enlightenment takes a bit of adjusting to, however. It has a learning curve and a customization path that renders it not so out-of-the-box ready. But you get a configuration fine tuned to your computing needs without the bloat of never-used applications.

Linux Picks and Pans highlighted the Enlightenment desktop in a special review last year that looked at the fledgling implementation of Enlightenment in four new distros, including an early Bodhi release. This year I spent some time since its February 5 release working with this alternative desktop environment.

The current release is marked by the recent return to the project of one of Bodhi’s major developers, Jeff Hoogland. The first stable release for the third major update to the Bodhi Linux operating system, version 3.0.0 was released on February 17.

Enlightenment Primer

Enlightenment is a Compositing Window Manager and Desktop Shell. It is radically different from other lightweight interface shells such as Xfce and LXDE.

Enlightenment is lightweight, so it runs of lots of legacy desktops and laptops. It is also very customizable. It is adaptable for small mobile devices as well as multicore desktops…the primary development environment.

This desktop environment offers a basic core design. Its design is tweaked and integrated differently depending on which supporting Linux distro you use. Bodhi Linux developers are leaders in how far the tweaking goes.

Enlightenment’s menu pops up from any point of the desktop with a left-button click of the mouse, instead of being in a single place. A more traditional menu button is also present on the Bodhi panel bar. This bar can be on any edge of the screen depending on the selected theme.

Bodhi Basics

Bodhi Linux is based on Ubuntu 12.04 and Enlightenment 17.04. It uses a modular structure that provides a high level of customization and choices of themes. Bodhi’s philosophy is built around minimalism and user choice.

The default Bodhi system is light. Its only pre-installed applications are the Midori web browser, Terminology (Bodhi’s terminal application), EFM (Enlightenment File Manager), and the Leafpad text editor.

Bodhi Linux’s system tools and default applications are very different from more standard desktop environments.

More software is available from the AppCenter, a web-based software installation tool. The developers contend it is easier and better for users to build the system their way from the start. That trumps having to remove all the unwanted apps and install the desired ones.

Why the Midori browser over more popular options, like Firefox, Chromium or Google Chrome? Midori is central to the modular design of Bodhi Linux. The Midori browser is very lightweight yet functional. It installs applications directly from the Bodhi Linux AppCenter, a feature that some other browsers lack.

The EFM is tweaked to work within Bodhi Linux to add files and launchers to the desktop by moving the desired files and launchers into the desktop folder that’s located in the home directory.

You can opt out of displaying desktop icons at: Main Menu>Settings>All>Files>File Manager under the Display tab.

But you can add other file managers and designate other default applications for more traditional functionality by going to: Main Menu>Settings>All>Apps>Default Applications.

Modular Methodology

The AppCenter is one of the software building blocks. The Bodhi repository has many common applications the developers consider the “best of breed” applications for each particular category. It also provides several application-sets (meta-packages) that provide common applications and/or are chosen to meet a particular use case.

Another building block is the system updater process. There are multiple methods to achieve this, but the simplest method is to open the Terminology application, located in Main Menu>Applications>System Tools, and running these commands:

[] sudo apt-get update[] sudo apt-get -y dist-upgrade

The third modular software building block is the Synaptic Package Manager, common to all Debian GNU/Linux based distributions. It is installed in Bodhi Linux by default.

To access it, go to Main Menu>Applications>Preferences>Synaptic Package Manager. This provides access to all of the applications in the Bodhi Linux and Ubuntu 12.04 repositories.

Using Bodhi

Bodhi Linux and the Enlightenment desktop bring elegance that makes using Linux a new experience. Bodhi has an easy-to-use workplace switcher on the desktop; and it is effortless to place gadgets on the desktop.

However, the system tools are very different from more standard desktop environments. And the few pre-installed applications are different from the stock apps used in the other distros.

Bodhi offers five profile configurations.

Bare is a minimal setup with very little loaded. This is an advanced feature for setting up your own custom Enlightenment configuration.

Compositing is a vertical setup with flashy effects.

Desktop is a basic setup suitable for most desktop configurations with a menu, taskbar, systray and clock along the top.

Fancy is an alternative setup with more artistic layout.

Laptop/Netbook is a basic setup for most laptop/netbook configurations with a menu, taskbar, systray, power monitor, clock along the top and a CPU scaler.

Bodhi Linux has six themes. These range from two-tone gray or black, to a few multi-color options, or light blue.

Bodhi Linux’s use of Enlightenment serves up a different user experience on the desktop.

The biggest problem that I had with Bodhi Linux was getting it to access the wireless connection. Hard-wired Internet worked fine on both my desktop and laptop computers. But none of my cadre of mobile gear was able to connect to my various wireless hardware components. I could not find any driver solutions or instructions on getting wireless to work. Obviously, this is one large potential drawback if you want to take your Bodhi Linux with you.

Bottom Line

The Enlightenment experience is not for all Linux users, especially those who are less skilled. I am impressed with Bodhi’s integration of the Enlightenment desktop. It is far ahead of what other distros are doing with this modern environment.

The user interface, however, is not intuitive. Experienced Linux users will figure out the differences and adapt quickly. Newcomers to Linux should expect lots of frustration in trial-and- error sessions to make any headway.