However, Masochist’s demand is calling for decompression, As how Psychotherapist Elsworth Baker observes:’ not pain, but is willing to suffer the pain of only the unbearable tension can be abated’.

 This sense of physical sexual forces, are resulted partly from the intense nature of the narrators unconscious and as how Suzuki said: ‘blind infatuation with the West’. (Suzuki, 1996, 169) However, after the first and second World War the psychological abnormalities particularly masochism expanded all over the world, due to the rise of alcoholism and side effects of the war.

The hysteric and the obsessional neurotic likewise primary form of narcissism ‘abandon their relationship to reality, assuming their illness develops to that point.  But analysis shows that they by no means forsake their erotic relationship to people and things.’

Carl Jung introduced the terms of introversion in his essay, “Psychic Conflicts in a Child”, and raised the possibility that ‘the introversion of libido may not be a pathological phenomenon but instead a creative stage in the development of the human being’.

Carl in his theory of introversion talking about the significance of unconscious fantasies and argued ‘that unconscious fantasy life may also illuminate an unconscious dimension of the psyche that is structured like a higher "mind."

 The analytical model that they developed remains deeply rooted in the psychology and metaphysics of the individual ‘subject;, or self, and of discourse that is thought to be controlled by that self (185)

Beyond the pleasure principle and other writings, Sigmund Freud 1856-1939.

Dementia praecox (narcissism)

‘The Ibibio, having been withdraw from the external world, is channeled into the ego, giving rise to a form of behavior that we can call narcissism’ (BPP, P/4)

One might say that narcissism in this sense is not a perversion, but the libidinal correlative of the egoism of the self-preservation instinct, an element of which is rightly attributed to every living creature.

The hysteric and the obsessional neurotic likewise abandon their relationship to reality, assuming their illness develops to that point.

Beyond the pleasure principle and other writings, Sigmund Freud 1856-1939.

After Meiji restoration, Shosetsu naturalist writers pursued the enigmatic self through the assimilation and naturalization of literary representation in Western literature. They believed the reality become visible and knowable through the authentic language of Western Writers. Early Shosetsu authors or Meiji writers aspired to represent a new reality and a new modern self by experimenting with a new language (Western literature) and gradually breaking away from the traditional rhetorical fabric that is coming from Chinese ideograms. Therefore the celebration of life and the self had become a driving force in the modern Japanese literature.

An essential feature of Westerns civilization such as directness, immediacy, efficiency, and impartiality, embraced in the new language of Japanese neutralists writers.

The language of everyday speech emerged in the naturalist writers, a language that can be understood when rendered orally. This new “living language” should adopt more spontaneous that directly transmits one’s thoughts and feelings and it is close to the living voice. Japanese naturalists and I-novel writers advocated a direct transcription of objective reality and use the language as a transparent vehicle to express the self.

By the transformation of feudal society to capitalist society, Meiji regime after Edo period in Japan, tried to construct a centralized, modern nation-state by advocating the enlightenment ideal of free and equal citizens

Since the late 1870’s, the young people rights movements, consisting of authors and artists were opposed the government’s monopoly on power as a reaction, in order to disseminate this new ideal of a free and equal citizen.

Christianity, the religion that had been prohibited during the Edo period, started to spread rapidly among the people’s right movement under pressure from the west. Their conversion to Christianity resulted in a dramatic fusion of the spheres of politics and religion in that time and also they found the liberal political ideals of freedom and independence by the truth of Christian God. They converted to Protestantism for two reasons. The first reason was, they thought Christianity transcended the individual nations of the West and therefore allowed disillusioned Japanese intellectuals to disregard the recently constructed monarchic authority of the Meiji government. The second reason was ‘enabled them to transcend conceptually the difficulties imposed on Japan by Western nation.’ (Suzuki, 1996, P/35)  The obsession of Japanese literary artists to illustrate ‘an invisible inner life’ was pursued more sternly with these young artists and followed the new discourse on the Shosetsu literature.  The process of defining the truer self in modern Japanese prose began to establish from kitamura tokoku’s ideal of grasping the sprit of the universe, which is God (Christianity) to nationalistic concerns of later authors, who advocated what is called the “pure individualism” of Friedrich Nietzsche, which was against almost all aspects of nineteen-century Western civilization. Tokoku was the main leader and founder of the modern Japanese romantic literary movements in the late Meiji period, but later newer literary artists and authors such as Takayama Chogyu or Mishima Yukio negated his observation, who found Nietzsche’s influences as a way to ‘condemn the actual historical conditions and power of Western nations as well as to celebrate the emancipation of individual life’. (Suzuki, 1996, P/38)  

The attempt of reading Western writers and theoreticians such as Rousseau and Baudelaire by Japanese literary artists was to understand modern man’s way of thinking and how to view nature directly.

Butoh performances have been viewed as psychological expression of consciousness through improvisation rather technical dance (Fisher 1987)

Butoh performances have taken their own  directions.