I see a lot of discussions and questions Iād like to join in on, but I usually don't feel I know how to get my opinion across. Instead, here are some recommended readings on Orthodox Jewish thought. All available in english, and may use some Hebrew words, but can be understood with little background unless specified otherwise. You may not agree with everything in them, but theyāre good to start a discussion and to think about. And as always, thereās more to see if you aren't satisfied.
lease note I am only including books that I think are accessible to those with less of a religious background and I have seen and could think of wile writing this.
The Oral Law by Rabbi H. Chaim Schimmel - on the origin and development of the Oral law, relation with the Written Torah, and how disagreements started. Assumes a little familiarity with Hebrew terms, but understandable without it. If you can read hebrew, read Rav Simcha Wassermanās foot notes
Dynamics of Dispute by Rabbi Zvi Lampel - Ā Same topic, more in depth. Requires at least a basic knowledge of Gemara terms
Nefesh Hachayim by Rav Chaim Volozhin- on divine reward, the soul, the nature and importance of torah and mitzvos and how they connect with and relate to the world and us. has glossary
Derech Hashem by the Ramchal - look for the feldheim translation, thereās also an expanded version. On God, the World, Torah, us, angels, etc. A lot of it is clearly just the basic touches of more esoteric subjects, and I would love to find a good shuir that goes into it more, but itās great on its own.
In Search for Torah Wisdom by Rabbi Yisroel Miller - interesting questions and discussions in all different areas. Occasionally the author seems to be holding back for fear of being misrepresented when he doesnt have room to elaborate, but itās food for thought you wont find elsewhere. from the product description:
Some questions addressed include:
Why are Orthodox Jews so conservative?
How do we understand bitter disputes between Torah giants?
Why do rabbis issue bans on books if they only serve to increase their sales?
What is the deeper meaning of Tanach, aggadata and minhagim?
How do we view Torah, science and history?
Where do non-jews fit in the Divine Plan?
Where do chumros come in ā and how about black hats?
Be'er Hagolah by the Maharal of Prague, translation by Rabbi Yitzchok Alderstein - Explaining ohw to understand seemingly strange or negative statements and stories in the talmud and midrash.
To Remain a Jew by Rav Yitzchok Zilber and All for the Boss by Ruchoma Shain - two (auto)biographies about amazing Jews and their families thriving in environments hostile to religious Judaism (Soviet Union and ā20s America, not really comparable, but whatever)
Torah Commentaries of Rav Shimshon Refael Hirsch, Malbim, and HaKesav VehaKabbalah - all these commentaries go into how the oral law and midrash fit with the Torah text. Also deal with other issues, particularly Rav Hirsch on Torah vs. modern (pre-war German) morality. i dont know if the Malbim has been completely translated, but Artscroll published the Essential Malbim. His method of picking apart tiny textual oddities and explaining them all together is incredible.
Malbim on Iyov - Translation by a family that lost their daughter, really explains what each verse comes to add.
Horeb by Rav Shimshon Refael Hirsch -Reasons and meanings for the mitzvos.
Nineteen Letters by Rav Hirsch, defense of Orthodox/Rabbinic/Charedi/Pharisee/etc. Judaism and religious Judaism in general. get the Feldheim translation with commentary.
Selected Writings of Rav Shimshon Refael Hirsch - More of the same as his above works
Inside/Out by Gila Manolson - The first on relationships between men and women, the second on modesty, with some overlap. She has others, these are the only ones Iāve read. Great for men and women. These are things people Ā get touchy and defensive about, but please think about and discuss with yourself what she has to say, even if you disagree, rather than dismiss it out of hand. Her site is here if you wanted more elaboration.
One Above and Seven Below: A Consumerās Guide to Orthodox Judaism from the Perspective of the Chareidim by Yechezkel Hirshman - Actually, havenāt seen enough of this one to say, I just had it recommended by someone i trust.