Born with the name Chawa Zloczower in Poland in 1891, Adams immigrated to the United States through Ellis Island at age 20.
In America, she adopted the name Eve Adams â a playful nod to her androgyny, invoking the biblical Adam and Eve â and wore menâs clothing.
âShe was a vibrant activist, who was daring. She had an androgynous appearance, which immediately identified her as a lesbian,â said Jonathan Ned Katz, author of The Daring Life and Dangerous Times of Eve Adams. âWearing pants for women was just unthinkable in the time period.â
Adams soon immersed herself in New Yorkâs anarchist circles, befriending prominent Jewish anarchists Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman. She worked as a traveling saleswoman for leftist publications including Mother Earth, activities that landed her on the Bureau of Investigationâs watch list during the First Red Scare.
In 1923, Adams published Lesbian Love, a collection of essays about the romantic lives of dozens of women in Greenwich Village. Katz described the book as far ahead of its time.
âThe word âlesbianâ was not used much. It was like a dirty word at the time, so you didnât say it out loud,â Katz said. âHere she was, putting it on a book jacket.â
Two years later, Adams opened Eveâs Hangout in Greenwich Village. The underground tearoom became a rare refuge where lesbian women could socialize openly.
But the haven proved short-lived. In 1926, an undercover detective named Margaret Leonard visited Eveâs Hangout, where she met Adams. The following day, the two attended a play in Times Square together. Adams gave Leonard a copy of Lesbian Love â evidence of âobscenityâ that prosecutors later used against her â and Leonard alleged Adams made sexual advances toward her during the taxi ride to the theater.
Adams was convicted and spent 18 months in jail before the United States deported her to Poland.
She settled in Paris, where she began a relationship with Jewish cabaret singer Hella Olstein Soldner. In 1943, the two women were arrested and sent to the Drancy internment camp. From there, they were deported to Auschwitz, where both were murdered.
Eve with her partner Hella