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On this day, 9 August 1956, 20,000 women in Pretoria, South Africa marched against pass laws: apartheid laws curtailing freedom of movement for Black and Indian people.

The Federation of South African Women-organised demonstration delivered a petition against the laws with 100,000 signatures and the participants sang "Wathint’Abafazi Wathint’imbokodo" meaning ‘Now you have touched the women, you have struck a rock’.

The protest kickstarted a wave of civil disobedience across the country over two years in which thousands of women were arrested, until leaders of the African National Congress panicked and called it off.

August 9 is commemorated today in South Africa as Women's Day.

More information, sources and map: https://stories.workingclasshistory.com/article/10880/south-africa-women's-day

Instead, they argue that empowering women to choose how many children they have will cause fertility to fall back towards or below the replacement rate. 'When women are free to decide how many children to have, fertility rates tend to fall toward replacement level or below, often rapidly,' the researchers write. Interestingly, there is some real–world data to back up these claims. In Iran, for example, the introduction of family planning services caused the number of children per woman to fall from 4.08 in 1992 to just 1.94 in 2001, below the replacement rate of 2.1. Likewise, South Korea managed to reduce its fertility rate from 4.07 to 1.92 in just 12 years after family planning services were introduced in 1972. Currently, around 200 million women do not have access to any family planning services, leading to exceptionally high fertility rates that could be brought down with targeted intervention.

They basically say: End poverty and emancipate women—and fertility rates will go down to where they are in rich countries already. Among other things, but I don't want to quote the whole article.