Spanish Vocabulary - el calendario / calendar
Notes: All months and days of the week are considered masculine, and are never written with capital letters except if the entire word is in capital letters or it’s a proper name like Santo Domingo [which is either “Santo Domingo” the city, or “Holy Sunday”] or Miércoles de Ceniza “Ash Wednesday”
Additionally, all days of the week stay in their singular form, except for sábado “Saturday” and domingo “Sunday” which do change… So for example… los lunes, los martes, los miércoles, los jueves, los viernes, los sábados, los domingos
Most days of the week already end in an -S, so they stay “singular” in form but plural in the definite article so that you don’t have to add an additional -es to them. The days that do change for plural end in -O.
Additionally, you NEVER say en + day of the week to mean “on”… For that you use just use el or los… or sometimes para (though this depends on the context).
Los lunes tengo clase. = On Mondays I have class.
Tengo clase los lunes. = I have class on Mondays.
Para el lunes tengo que escribir un ensayo. = For Monday I have to write an essay. / On Monday an essay I have to write is due.
Es para el lunes. = It’s on Monday. / It happens on Monday. / It’s due on Monday.
La cita fue programada para el lunes. = The appointment was scheduled/planned for/on Monday.
Months can be singular or plural since they all end in -O, -E, or a consonant that isn’t -S… los eneros, los febreros, los marzos, los abriles etc.
el fin de semana = weekend
el finde = weekend [regional]
el presente = the present
presente = present, current
el futuro = the future
futuro/a = future
el pasado = the past
pasado/a = past / last
la semana pasada = last week
el lunes pasado = last Monday
próximo/a = next
el próximo día = the next day
el próximo jueves = next Thursday
la proxima semana = next week
el próximo mes = next month
el próximo año = next year
que viene = the coming / next
la semana que viene = next week
el miércoles que viene = next Wednesday
el mes que viene = next month
siguiente = following / next
el día siguiente = (the) next day
al día siguiente = (on) the next day, (on) the following day, (on) the day after
la semana siguiente = the following week / the next week
venidero/a = is to come, coming
la fecha = date
la fecha de hoy = today’s date
¿Cuál es la fecha de hoy? = What’s today’s date?
la cita = meeting, appointment / date
el cumpleaños = birthday
el cumple = birthday [slang]
¡Feliz cumpleaños! = Happy birthday!
¡Feliz cumple! = Happy birthday! (slang)
la reunión = meeting / reunion, gathering
la agenda = schedule, agenda, calendar
el horario de trabajo = work schedule
la agenda de trabajo = work schedule
el calendario laboral = work schedule
el deber = duty, obligation / chore
la tarea = chore, task / homework
el quehacer = chore, task
el tiempo = time / weather
[also means “tense” in grammar/linguistics]
semanal (adj) = weekly
semanalmente (adv) = happening every week, weekly
todas las semanas (adv) = every week
cada semana (adv) = each week
mensual (adj) = monthly
mensualmente (adv) = happening every month, monthly
todos los meses (adv) = every month
cada mes (adv) = each month
anual (adj) = yearly, annual
anualmente (adv) = annually, every year
todos los años (adv) = every year
cada año (adv) = each year
la fiesta = party / holiday, feast, holy day
feriado/a = celebrated, observed, holiday
el día feriado = public holiday, observed holiday
el feriado = day off, holiday
las vacaciones = vacation, holiday (UK)
el verano = summer
pasar el verano / pasar los veranos = to spend summer / to spend summers
veranear = to spend summer, to summer / to spend summer vacation
[it’s not a totally common verb since you can say pasar el verano / los veranos “to spend summer(s)”, but it does show up more in literature and especially with nobility and people with summer homes]
hoy = today
el día de hoy = today
a(l) día de hoy = as of today, up until now
hoy en día = nowadays, these days
hoy día = nowadays, these days [regional]
de día = daytime, happening in the day
anoche = last night
ayer noche = last night
ayer por la noche = last night / yesterday night
mañana = tomorrow
la mañana = morning
todas las mañanas = every morning
por la mañana = in the morning
mañana por la mañana = tomorrow morning
mañana por la tarde = tomorrow evening
mañana por la noche = tomorrow night
anteayer = the day before yesterday
antenoche, anteanoche = the night before last
pasado mañana = the day after tomorrow
mañana y pasado = tomorrow and the day after
antaño = yesteryear / former
la tarde = afternoon, evening
tarde (adj) = late, tardy
por la tarde = in the afternoon/evening
buenas tardes = good afternoon
la noche = night
por la noche = at night
de noche = nighttime, happening at night
buenas noches = good night, good (late) evening
el atardecer (n) = dusk
atardecer (v) = for night to fall
el amanecer (n) = dawn
amanecer (v) = to dawn, for day to break
ahora = now
ahora mismo = right away
enseguida, en seguida = right away, very soon, immediately
de inmediato, inmediatamente = immediately
actual = present, current
actualmente = presently, now, currently
en realidad = actually, in reality
día tras día = day after day
de la noche a la mañana = overnight, from one day to the next / suddenly, “overnight” [as in “overnight success”]
normalmente = normally
regularmente = regularly, normally
generalmente = generally, normally
soler hacer algo = to often do something, to normally do something, to be in the habit of doing something
rara vez = rarely
pocas veces = few times, rarely
cada = each, every
cada día = each day, every day
cada semana = each week, every week
cada persona = each person, every person
un, una = one, a
unos, unas = a few, some
unos cuantos, unas cuantas = a few, “a handful of (times/days/etc)”
todo/a = whole, entire
por toda la noche = all through the night, throughout the night
por todo el día = all through the day, throughout the day
todo el mundo = the whole world / everyone
por todo el mundo = all over the world
todos los días = every day / all the days
todas las semanas = every week / all the weeks
todos los años = every year / all the years
todos los lunes = every Monday
todos los sábados = every Saturday
todos los domingos = every Sunday
celebrar = to celebrate, to hold (a party)
pedir una cita = to request an appointment, to ask for an appointment / to ask for a date
programar = to program / to schedule, to set (up)
programar una cita = to schedule an appointment
concertar = to agree, to agree upon / to set up, to arrange, to decide on
concertar una cita = to schedule an appointment
asistir = to attend, to go to
asisto a la universidad todos los días = I go to university/college every day
asisto a mi clase los lunes = I attend class on Mondays / I go to my class every Monday
faltar = to be lacking, to lack
faltar a clase = to skip class, to not attend class, to miss class
conocer = to know (someone) / to meet (someone, usually for the first time)
buscar = to look for, to search for
esperar = to hope / to wait
llevar = to carry, to take / to bring, to drive, to get a ride from
volver = to return, to come back
volver a hacer algo = to do something again
cumplir = to comply, to fulfill
cumplir (los años) = to turn (an age)
tener = to have
tener X años = to be X years old*
*tener años is used as “to have (a certain amount/number of years)” which means that the years are what’s known as “countable”. For the most part, you don’t need to worry about this because most of the numbers are the same. The difference being 1 year old, 21 years old, 31 years old… any age that ends in a 1 [that isn’t once “11″] because they’ll be counted as un or -ún …because countable.
Similarly to un año being “a year”, the un here means “one” since you’re counting the years. That’s what it means to be “countable” in this case.
Tiene un año. = He/She is one (year old).
Tiene veintiún (21) años. = He/She is 21 (years old).
Tiene treinta y un (31) años. = He/She is 31 (years old).
Tiene ciento un (101) años. = He/She is 101 (years old).
(Note: When using dates, you use the number + the month. The number you use is almost always the cardinal number… el dos de octubre “October 2nd / 2 October”, el treinta de abril “April 30th”)
El día de San Valentín es el catorce (14) de febrero. = Valentine’s Day is February 14th [fourteenth].
La Nochebuena es el veinticuatro (24) de diciembre. = Christmas Eve is December 24th [twenty-fourth].
La Navidad es el veinticinco (25) de diciembre. = Christmas is December 25th [twenty-fifth].
La Nochevieja es el treinta y uno (31) de diciembre. = New Years Eve is December 31st [thirty-first].
El día de Año Nuevo es el primero de enero. = New Years Day is January 1st [first].
Mi cumpleaños es el (número) de (mes). = My birthday is (month) (number).
Mi cumpleaños es el 18 (dieciocho) de agosto. = My birthday is August 18th [eighteenth].
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