What would you say is the difference between being toxic and being abusive?
that's a very good question!
i'm not an expert in this by any means, i did major in psychology but i haven't specialized in it, so take what i say with a grain of salt.
all abuse is toxic but not all kinds of toxic behavior are abuse. in my view, the one thing that sets apart these two things — power imbalance.
toxicity can happen from anyone to anyone. it doesn't necessarily require a person to hold power over the other person. but with abuse, there's usually a power imbalance of some sort that makes a person more vulnerable to getting abused. it could be age, it could be social standing, physical strength, privilege, or simply a difference in personalities.
i think one example i'd like to bring up here is Zuko and Iroh. i remember seeing some people say that Zuko was abusive to Iroh in the first two seasons, but this is where i bring up this distinction between abuse and toxicity.
Zuko was toxic to Iroh. he called Iroh names and insulted him, he lashed out at Iroh a lot, and he betrayed Iroh at a crucial moment.
but the reason his behavior cannot be counted as abuse is simply because he held no power over Iroh. and Iroh knew that. Zuko was not stronger than Iroh, he was not older or more privileged. Iroh was always in control here. sure, he felt hurt by Zuko's actions sometimes, but he was capable of standing his ground when he needed to. and he has.
children can be abusive to parents, especially towards the elderly. this is not an impossible phenomenon. but in this case specifically, Zuko's behavior could better be described as toxic rather than abusive.
compare that to Zuko's relationship with Azula and Ozai. both these people had some level of control over him. Ozai obviously dictated Zuko's life in a major way. he scarred and traumatized Zuko for life and yet, Zuko still wanted his father's validation. Azula constantly lied to Zuko and manipulated him, and even though he knew of her dishonesty, he still fell for it.
Ozai was superior to Zuko in age and power, and Azula was superior to him in power and privilege (as the child more favored by Ozai).
i think the time period is also a good way to distinguish between abuse and toxicity. toxicity, if gone on for too long, can turn into abuse.
for example, if your friend sometimes makes belittling comments about you, that could be considered toxic. but if you've been friends with this person for years and they've been treating you this way for years, it turns into verbal abuse.
if someone lies to you once, that could be toxic. but if someone lies to you and manipulates you constantly, that's psychological abuse.