Genetic analysis shows the ancestors of modern humans interbred with at least five different archaic human groups as they moved out of Africa. Only two of these groups have been identified so far.
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Genetic analysis shows the ancestors of modern humans interbred with at least five different archaic human groups as they moved out of Africa. Only two of these groups have been identified so far.

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The genome of Cheddar Man, who lived 10,000 years ago, suggests that he had blue eyes, dark skin and dark curly hair
Extensive archaeological and anthropological data suggest that the first humans entered the Americas about 15,000 years ago from Asia to Alaska. A 130,000-year-old mastodon skeleton discovered in suburban San Diego shows signs of butchery only associated with ancient humans.
130,000-year-old fossils from San Diego show signs of butchery, significantly pushing back the timeline of human history in the Americas.
Image by Holen et al.
New research claims Neanderthals survived at least 3,000 years longer than we thought in Southern Iberia - what is now Spain - long after they had died out everywhere else.
We know a lot about the life of Lucy, the famous fossil of Australopithecus afarensis āour ancient ancestor and bridge to the ape world.
Lucy was 3 feet tall; she lived in what is now Ethiopia and she walked upright. She ate leaves, grass and maybe nuts and seeds. She probably slept in a tree nest.
And now, after studying a 3-DĀ scan of Lucyās bones,Ā scientists say they know something about her death. In a study published Monday in Nature, researchers at the University of Texas present evidence they say shows Lucy died after she fell out of a tree.
But other paleoanthropologists fired back, saying there was insufficient evidence to support the tree-fall theory.
Read more about the new theory here - and decide if you buy it!
Images: Wikimedia Commons; Marsha Miller/University of Texas, Austin;Ā John Kappelman/Nature

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Watercolour sketch of Taung child (Australopithecus africanus), a young australopithecine who is thought to have fallen prey to a Crowned eagle some time between 2.1-3.3 million years ago.
Carved Box with Deities
Guatemala, Northern PetƩn, Maya, 450-550
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The discovery of an 8,000-year-old skull believed to contain preserved brain matter in Norway
It is extremely rare to find preserved brain dating back to ancient times because brain tissue is rich in enzymes which cause cells to break down rapidly after death. If analyses confirm the grey-matter found within the 8,000-year-old skull in Norway is indeed brain, it will constitute one of the oldest brains ever found. Being able to study a preserved brain enables scientists to piece together the individualās last hours and may also shed new light on health and disease in prehistoric times.
Read moreā¦
You know, thereās a lot of emphasis in the scientific community on the importance of passing on genetic material to the next generation. Some scientific communicators even go so far as to say that it is the ultimate purpose of all life. This can be a very distressing thing to hear for someone who cannot reproduce naturally, and some people who donāt want kids might feel pressured to reproduce just to pass on their genes. So, hereās a thought. Genetic material is just data, information. For some life genetics are the ONLY way to pass on information to the next generation, but some animals, like mammals, can actually pass on important information via nurturing and socialization. Humans are especially good at this, since we are able to keep records for extended periods of time that multiple generations can learn from. The legacy of every human being is no longer confined to whether or not your genetics are passed on, but also by what others can learn from you. So, if you write something, draw something, post something online, adopt a child, teach in a classroom, or even just interact with others in any way at all, you are informming the nature of the future of humanity and you play a huge part in the success or failure of Homo sapiens sapiens.
Humans are a communal species that have banded together and cared for their sick, disabled, and elderly since before we were ever modern man. Resources were shared even as skills specialized.Ā
Capitalism isnāt natural. A community should not have members dying of starvation or exposure while there is an abundance of resources. That isnāt how it works. That isnāt how itās supposed to work.
ok so my roommates are anthropology students and their favorite example for debunking theĀ āsurvival of the fittestā bs is shanidar 1. (x, x, x)
shanidar 1 is a neanderthal who, at a pretty young age, was hit in the head hard enough to blind him. this also led to that side of his brain shutting down and withering his right arm, and possibly crippling his entire right side. not only that but his skeleton also shows that at some point, he broke a bone in his foot and, in addition to the other factors, resulted in a noticeable limp. there are some sources which say he likely had degenerative diseases. (arthritis was really common in neanderthals)Ā
going off of widespread ideas of āāprimitiveāā (no longer the word used in anthropology/academia to describe early-modern humans) societies, shanidar probably died really young, deliberately abandoned or killed. i mean, he was severely crippled, blind, etc., he couldnāt contribute anything, he would have been a āāburden to societyāā, right?Ā
except he lived to be between 40 and 50 years old. (about ~80 in human years)
this means that his social group had to have taken care of him for a minimum of two or three decades without hisĀ ācontributingā anything significant to the group. this discovery (and Shanidar IIIās) was hugeĀ because it basically proves that early humans had a concept of hospice. early modern humans cared for the sick and the elderly, greatly extending their lifespan, simply because they cared.Ā
tl;dr: the concept of someone needing to be āāusefulāā orĀ āāāproductiveāāā in society in order to be valued and cared for is a very modern concept and our quasi-predecessors would be ashamedĀ
Also, Shanidar I was buried with flowers. They cared about him afterĀ he was dead, too.

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Homo Floresiensis!
If any of you like Tolkien, youāll probably find this one interesting. Homo Floresiensis is named for the island it was discovered on, Flores. Homo Floresiensis stood about 1.1 metres tall, or about 3 and a half feet. An actual name considered for Homo Floresiensis was Homo Hobbitus, but this was scrapped for a number of reasons. Homo Floresiensis likely had some sort of language, as itās thought it likely worked with and traded with other species of humans. Although they existed until fairly recently, about 60,000 years ago, they had pectoral girdles which would have been well adapted to arm swinging, but much less so to modern human behaviours such as tool creation.
Bonus: Homo Floresiensis is smaller than australopithecines from three million years ago, making it currently the smallest member of the extended human family!
I just found your blog!! I love primatology and human evolution! Anyway, I was wondering if you could please go a little in depth about the development of the wernicke's and broca's areas in H. habilis and H. erectus?
I'm glad you found my blog! I can for sure go in depth about that, I'll have the post up really soon.
Toolmaking Teachers? Surprising Skills Shared Between Neanderthals and Modern Humans
When you think of a Neanderthal what do you imagine? Do you see a prehistoric teacher for modern humans? Some tools found in France suggest that they may have been skilled at toolmaking, and even shared their abilities with our ancestors!
Read moreā¦
Apologies
Hello to all my followers (354 of you! Wow!) I'd like to apologize for the lack of posts lately. I've been traveling and I haven't had time to post. However, I'm back now and there's more posts coming soon!
This is not a question but I wanna tell you that I like your Tumblr :) good job and keep going! ššš¾
Thank you!

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Among the many species of hominids, would you say that they had all near simultaneously gained the knowledge of fire (by hundredth monkey theory, over many years) or was the knowledge of fire likely taught and passed around? This comes from assuming that most hominids weren't inhabitants of the same continent/areas as other hominids. Along with the knowledge of fire, is it likely that it was a closely guarded secret at one point? -Would hominids be capable of domesticating wildlife, or no?
To answer your first question, I find it more likely that it was first learned by a few and then taught to others. The species of hominids that could control fire were very similar to us. Knowing how to control fire was to them, similar to math for us. You arenāt born knowing advanced calculus, and similarly nobody was born knowing how to control fire.
As for your second question, definitely! Homo Sapiens are hominids,and weāve domesticated a wide variety of species! However, Iām sure you probably meant other species of hominids. As far as Iām aware, no species besides Homo Sapiens did domesticate animals. However, Iām sure that later species (such as H. Neanderthalensis) could hypothetically domesticate animals.
In saliva, clues to a 'ghost' species of ancient human
In saliva, scientists have found hints that a āghostā species of archaic humans may have contributed genetic material to ancestors of people living in Sub-Saharan Africa today.
The research adds to a growing body of evidence suggesting that sexual rendezvous between different archaic human species may not have been unusual.
Past studies have concluded that the forebears of modern humans in Asia and Europe interbred with other early hominin species, including Neanderthals and Denisovans. The new research is among more recent genetic analyses indicating that ancient Africans also had trysts with other early hominins.
āIt seems that interbreeding between different early hominin species is not the exceptionāitās the norm,ā Read more.