This honorific marker should be added to verbs when speaking with someone who deserves respect i.e. parents, people older than you, teachers, doctors… When talking about yourself you don’t use this form!
(The infinitive form of ~(으)시 is ~(으)시 + 어 = ~(으)셔)
(Remember 다 is dropped from the dictionary form of the verb)
Verb stem ending with a consonant + 으세요
Verb stem ending with a vowel + 세요
앉 + 으세요 = 앉으세요 - To sit
읽 + 으세요 = 읽으세요 - To read
가 + 세요 = 가세요 - To go
오 + 세요 = 오세요 - To come
이 + 세요 = 이세요 - To be (이다)
Irregulars:
(note this isn’t the case for all verbs as there are some regular ones too!)
ㄷ Irregular:
Just like polite present tense conjugation (아/어/해요), some verbs have their final ㄷ dropped and replaced with ㄹ
듣다 - To listen
The final ㄷ is dropped and replaced with ㄹ + 으세요 =
들으세요
걷다 - To walk
The final ㄷ is dropped and replaced with ㄹ + 으세요 =
걸으세요
ㄹ Irregular:
The final consonant ㄹ is dropped
살다 - To live
Remove the final ㄹ + 세요 (since the verb now ends with the vowel ㅏ) =
사세요
알다 - To know
Remove the final ㄹ + 세요 (since the verb now ends with the vowel ㅏ) =
아세요
열다 - To open
Remove the final ㄹ + 세요 (since the verb now ends with the vowel ㅕ) =
여세요
ㅂ Irregular:
If ㅂ is followed by a vowel, the ㅂ is dropped and 우 is added
덥다 - To be hot
Remove the ㅂ and add 우 + 세요 =
더우세요
무섭다 - To be scary
Remove the ㅂ and add 우 + 세요 =
무서우세요
ㅅ Irregular:
Just like polite present tense conjugation (아/어/해요), the ㅅ is dropped but the vowels are not contracted (example below), therefore even if the final character is a vowel 으세요 should be added
낫다 - 나아요 (Present tense) - To get better
Drop the final ㅅ + 으세요 =
나으세요
붓다 - 부어요 (Present tense) - To swell/pour
Drop the final ㅅ + 으세요 =
부으세요
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