I was reading your "Daredevil Comics Introduction for MCU Fans" post and really enjoyed your breakdown of the continuity/character differences. At the end of this intro you said "I could keep going, since there are plenty of other differences," could you share more?
Absolutely! Please note, however, that I haven't watched this show since the third season aired eight years ago, so my memory of it is (pardon the pun) foggy.
My understanding is that they've recently added a whole bunch of characters (Kirsten McDuffie? Heather Glenn? Muse? Hector Ayala? Bullet?) and I'm sure they've made changes to them, because they always do, but obviously, I can't comment on something I haven't seen. In those cases, I'll just offer some basic overviews of their 616 counterparts.
Just to keep everything in one place, here's a summary of my list from the original post:
Matt has red hair and is taller than Foggy.
Foggy was one of the last people to find out was Matt Daredevil.
Foggy didn’t grow up in Hell’s Kitchen (or even in New York state), and his family is completely different.
Karen Page was murdered by Bullseye in 1998.
Karen was never a journalist.
Karen and Matt dated on-and-off for a very long time, but Matt has also dated many other people.
Ben Urich is alive, is one of Matt's closest friends, and was one of the first people to figure out his secret identity.
Elektra Natchios has a different backstory.
Elektra was killed by Bullseye back in the '80s, but she got better. They have been basically nemeses ever since.
Matt is a swashbuckling adrenaline junkie, which is a key reason why he’s called "Daredevil."
Matt chose/reclaimed the name Daredevil as an act of empowerment. “The Devil of Hell’s Kitchen” was not a thing in the comics before the show (a few writers have tried to cram it in since).
Matt became a superhero initially to find justice for his father’s murder, which occurred when Matt was in either college or law school, depending on which writer you ask.
Matt and Foggy attended Jack Murdock’s final boxing match together.
Matt is far more religious in the show than he has ever been in the comics (note: I wrote this list prior to Chip Zdarsky's Daredevil run, so I would now grudgingly tack "...until Zdarsky's run" to the end of this.)
And here are some additions. This is also not going to be comprehensive, just because there are so many little differences that I think hitting all of them would take forever, but this is just what comes to mind. Warning: some spoilers for various comic runs.
"Should Matt kill people?!" is not a theme in the comics outside of a couple of stories. He has only been tempted to commit murder in really specific, rare cases. It isn't something he contemplates in his daily life. Not that I'm bitter, but there was no reason for the Netflix show to spend two entire seasons on that.
Josie's Bar was--until literally last month--a notorious hang-out for low-level mobsters, rather than the beloved neighborhood dive it is in the show.
Comic Foggy's personality is notably different; he's much quieter, more serious, and less outgoing in the comics than his sweet, fun-loving, "eel-drinking" MCU counterpart. This informs his dynamic with Matt, who--in contrast--has a natural charisma and tends to automatically attract the spotlight.
Marci Stahl was a Netflix show invention, though Foggy has dated a number of people in the comics. His longest-lasting relationship so far was with his childhood sweetheart, Debbie Harris, to whom he was married for fifty issues until things turned sour and they got divorced.
616 Bullseye's name is Lester! Though he mostly just goes by "Bullseye." (I cannot tell you how often I see 616 Bullseye posts mis-tagged.) The show lifted "Poindexter" from an alternate universe version of the character who no longer exists (the original Ultimates Bullseye), and the nickname "Dex" is a Netflix show invention.
Bullseye's character concept is simple: He kills people for fun. He probably killed his parents. He'd probably kill your parents. He doesn't go to therapy (not that there's anything wrong with that). He's just out to have a good time and make a few bucks doing something he's great at.
Karen Page came from a well-to-do family in Vermont; her father, Paxton Page, was a famous-yet-troubled scientist who died tragically in an early Daredevil story.
Karen's whole story in the comics was very different. She joined Nelson and Murdock as a secretary/office manager while trying to make it as an actress in New York. She ended up later moving to LA and briefly finding success as a romantic lead in film and TV. After her life there fell apart, she found her way back in New York, where she worked to recover from a heroin addiction, opened a shelter and addiction support center in Hell's Kitchen, and became an activist against abuse in the pornography industry. Returning to her acting roots, she was briefly the host of a popular late-night talk radio show using the stage name "Paige Angel." In the late '90s, she died saving Matt from Bullseye.
Karen and Frank Castle never met in the comics.
Stick was Matt's mentor, but not really a father figure. Jack was still alive while they were training together. Stick died saving Matt and Natasha Romanov from the Hand, but he's back now.
Melvin Potter is a costume shop owner who became a supervillain called the Gladiator who shot spinning blades at people. (The show teased this but, as of when I stopped watching, hadn't followed through.)
Kirsten McDuffie was originally an Assistant District Attorney whose path intersected with Matt's due to the disruptions he was causing in court thanks to his flimsy secret identity. The two soon started flirting and eventually became a couple. Kirsten officially joined the law firm officially after Foggy was hospitalized for cancer treatment, and for a while she and Matt operated out of San Francisco as McDuffie & Murdock, attorneys-at-law (the First Rule of Daredevil: Matt's name is always last). Matt broke up with Kirsten for "her protection" a few years ago, after her memory of his secret identity was wiped, and she has had a tragically spotty presence in DD comics ever since.
Heather Glenn was a bubbly, eccentric business heiress who stumbled into the DD world by literally walking into the wrong apartment. She and Matt dated on-and-off for a long time, and she also briefly worked as an office manager at Matt and Foggy's storefront law office in the '70s. Heather suffered a number of personal tragedies, including the sudden death of her father, and she fell victim to Matt's poor handling of his own grief following Elektra's death. After enduring a period of psychological abuse at Matt's hands, she took her own life. (Here is a loooong post about Heather that goes into much more detail about her ordeal.)
Muse was an Inhuman with sensory dampening powers and a few other assorted abilities, and also a passionate visual artist whose chosen medium was people. Rather than being designated a Daredevil villain, he instead debuted as a foundational nemesis for budding superhero Blindspot/Sam Chung, with whom he developed a particular, terrifying fascination. Muse died in a fight with Sam, but he's back now.
White Tiger/Hector Ayala was Marvel's first Latino superhero. He found a magic amulet that granted him bouts of superhuman physical enhancements. Initially, these power activations happened unintentionally, and he had no memory of them afterward. Overall, poor Hector had a bad time as a superhero, and he died tragically on the courthouse steps, shot after being convicted for a crime he did not commit. He has been succeeded in the White Tiger legacy by two of his family members: his niece Angela Del Toro, and then later, his younger sister Ava Ayala.
Bullet/Buck Cashman (really) is a big, beefy killer-for-hire with a great mustache, who is known for his tremendous physical strength. He has a young son named Lance, with whom he has a loving-yet-distant relationship. (Here's a more detailed post about Bullet and Lance.)
Matt now has a (tragically deceased) certified real twin brother, named Mike! I'm fine with the show not stepping within a hundred miles of Mike, because I don't trust them to treat him right (Easter eggs are fine, though; they can keep doing those). But I do also need everyone on the planet to know about him.
