Dido, Queen of Carthage

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Ingres executed this drawing of a subject from Pliny’s Natural History during his last year as a student at the French Academy in Rome. Alexander the Great, who stands at center, had commissioned Apelles to paint a portrait of his favorite mistress, Campaspe. Over the course of the sittings, Apelles fell in love with his subject. As a sign of his esteem, Alexander then offered Campaspe to the painter; it is this moment of exchange that Ingres chose to represent.

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Metropolitan Museum of Art

Two studies for Jacques-Louis David’s Death of Socrates (top, c. 1782, and middle, 1786) and the finished painting (bottom, 1787). In the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. 

This sheet is a study for the pose and drapery of Crito, a wealthy Athenian disciple who, in the painting, sits by Socrates’ side and beseeches him not to drink the poison. The grid drawn in black chalk, known as squaring, would have assisted the artist in transferring the design from paper to canvas. 

Before painting his Neoclassical masterpiece The Oath of the Horatii (Musée du Louvre, Paris), David explored many episodes of the story in sketches. In this sheet, David portrays the death of Camilla in the aftermath of the battle between the ancient Roman and Alban tribes. To spare lives, each tribe had delegated three warriors to settle the dispute. The lone survivor of the contest, Horatius, has returned to find his sister, Camilla, grieving for her slain fiancé, a member of the Curiatii clan. In his anger over her unpatriotic display of emotion, Horatius kills her on the spot. 

David based this drawing on the Sleeping Hermaphrodite (Musée du Louvre, Paris), a celebrated antique sculpture that he may have seen in the collection of the Villa Borghese in Rome or at the Musée Napoléon in Paris, where it was transferred around 1810, after Napoléon purchased it. The marble sculpture, probably a Roman copy of a bronze Greek original of the second century B.C, was unearthed in Rome in the early seventeenth century. In 1620 the sculptor Gian Lorenzo Bernini restored the work, creating the mattress and sheet. In rendering the back of the sculpture, David chose a low vantage point near the foot, creating a foreshortened figure with more defined musculature than that of the marble. 

Othryades was a Spartan hero. The sole survivor of a battle, he killed himself so as not to outlive his companions. Just before he died, he engraved his victory on his shield. The lively modeling of the clay expresses the tension of his body in this final surge of pride. The statue is a rough model for the plaster that Sergel, a Swedish sculptor who had made his name in Rome, presented to obtain admission to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture in Paris in January 1779.

private collection x 

private collection

private collection x 

private collection

private collection x

private collection