Judge Holden is not a nihilist (And that's what makes it even more terrifying).
The Nihilism Misconception and War as Divine Law
When we examine his philosophy and his depth as a character, things become extraordinarily complex. Judge Holden is a character highly susceptible to being interpreted as a nihilist. His lack of moral boundaries in his actions and his direct, vocal rejection of moral values contribute to this perception.
"Moral law is an invention of mankind for the disenfranchisement of the powerful in favor of the weak..."
These words reveal how much Cormac McCarthy drew inspiration from Nietzsche when designing the character. Holden adapts certain Nietzschean concepts to his own situation and frequently engages directly with them in his philosophy. However, labeling Judge Holden a nihilist is ultimately walking in the exact opposite direction of his true ideology. By its very nature, nihilism automatically rejects any existing value or concept of value in the universe. A nihilist believes that the cosmos is fundamentally meaningless, that life is hollow, and that no action holds intrinsic value. On a cosmic scale, every endeavor is seen as completely pointless. Consequently, a nihilistic individual naturally either falls into a crisis of meaning and eventually seeks a new purpose, or chooses a path of inaction and remains passive through indifference.
Although the Judge constantly demonstrates throughout the book that moral and social rules are hollow and shows how ready he is to trample them, these exclusionary attitudes are not enough to classify him as a nihilist. When the Judge recognized the nihilistic nature of the universe, he did not choose to remain stagnant and indifferent. Instead, he took the other path. He embarked on a quest to create meaning, and in this process, he forged his own purpose which is the desire for war and power.
When the concept of value is mentioned, people usually think of clichéd examples like moral or social values because they are the most common. But when the Judge declares that "War is God," he does not say it lightly. On the contrary, he attributes a kind of sanctity and personal purpose to the concept of war and the act of fighting. He accepts war as a natural law of the universe, much like gravity. He implies that the cosmos naturally follows this law and that he is inevitably always supporting and standing on the side of war. In other words, he does not just label war as holy. By believing it is an inseparable part of the universe, he grounds his own mental concept of war on a universal foundation. He claims that war existed long before humanity, waiting, and when humans became the dominant species roaming the earth, war walked right up to them and chose its new successor.
"War was always here. Before man was, war waited for him. The ultimate trade awaiting its ultimate practitioner..."
We mentioned earlier that the Judge attributed divine value to the concept of war. We also stated his belief that war chose humanity to receive, execute, and impose it upon the world. He essentially appointed them as his successors and deputies. When this explanation is cross referenced with theological texts, it lands on a much more interesting foundation.
In Islam, there is a verse in the Quran where God announces to the angels that He will create a successor on earth.
"Indeed, I will make upon the earth a successive authority." (Surah Al-Baqarah, Verse 30)
If we look at the Bible, it is stated that God created man in his own image.
"So God created mankind in his own image." (Genesis 1:27)
If we consider Adam as humanity itself and place war in the position of God, we gain a much deeper understanding of the Judge's perspective. The Judge does not merely see war as a divine source. He selects humanity as its ultimate practitioners, choosing them as its successors. In doing so, Holden directly links his own authority and jurisdiction to a divine source, legitimizing his dominance. Because war created man in its own image, humanity, and therefore the Judge himself, are the purest and most suitable candidates created to have the honor of executing it. Through this path, as beings shaped in the image of God and war, they gain a divine essence, a right originating from a divine source, and the justification for their actions and governance.
In this context, the fundamental reason behind the Judge's rejection of moral and societal values is not merely that he views them as nothingness or refuses to accept universal values. It is his desire to unleash the executioner lying within all of us. He wants to expose our shadow self, which we usually try to actively suppress and hide because we are afraid to let it loose. To him, this darkest and most sinister side lying within humanity is its true face. The Judge sees people's attempts to hide this face as meaningless and strives to prevent it. Throughout the novel, he pokes at this dark side in almost everyone he crosses paths with, encouraging them to set it free. He aims to make all that darkness overflow from its container, exposing humanity's deviant desires in all their nakedness. Only in this way can he continue to prove his thesis, his legitimacy, and his righteousness to both himself and the world. Judge Holden possesses a massive and dangerous obsession with being the righteous party. This clarifies why he does not care for and regularly rejects moral and social values. He views these concepts merely as fabricated inventions and artificial covers created by humanity because they are terrified of exposing their true face. Since these covers hold no real importance and actually oppress and harm humanity, he believes they must be torn away. Therefore, the Judge weighs every such value on his own internal scale of worth, assigning them qualitative worthlessness. Inevitably, he ignores them and even regularly attacks their very fabric. Rather than calling him a nihilist, it is more accurate to describe him as someone who believes in a twisted metaphysical dogma shaped within his own dark mind. He actively supports his twisted views regardless of the circumstances. By imposing this ideology on others and setting the necessary stage to reveal their hidden desires, he relentlessly seeks to confirm that he is the righteous one. He accepts without question that this belief is the only true and valuable path. Ultimately, no matter how deviant and corrupt he may be, he is a man who carries his own internal value system.
This is just the first part of this analysis. I have completed and published all parts of the analysis; you can access them from here.
Part 2: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820595368217772032?source=share
Part 3: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820596038304956416?source=share
Part 4: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820596727547641856?source=share
Part 5: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820598412755025920?source=share
Part 6: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820598719445696512?source=share
Part 7: https://www.tumblr.com/delirium208/820598814660509696?source=share
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