Consolidating notes now on Time Expressions!
1. N + ์ ์, V + ๊ธฐ ์ ์ (before, ago)
This pattern means 'before a certain period of time' or 'before some action'.
*Difference between 1์ ์ ์ and 1์๊ฐ ์ ์ = before 1 o'clock vs 1 hour ago
2๋
์ ์ ํ๊ตญ์ ์์ด์.
์์ฌ ์ ์ ์ด ์ฝ์ ๋์ธ์.
์ฑ๊ฐํฌ๋ฅด์์๋ ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ด์ฌํ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๊ฒฐํผํด์ผ๋ผ์.
2. N + ํ์, V + (์ผ)ใด ํ์ (after)
This pattern means 'after a certain period of time' or 'after some action'. You can also use - (์ผ)ใด ๋ค์์ to express the same thing.
ํ ๋ฌํ์ ์ธํด์ญ์ด ๋์ ๊ฑฐ์์.
์ด๋
ํ์ ๋ํ๊ต๋ฅผ ์กธ์
ํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
์ธํด์ญ์ด ๋์ํ์ ๊ตํํ์์ผ๋ก ํ๊ตญ์ ๊ฐ๊ฑฐ์์.
3. V + ๊ณ ๋์ (and then, upon finishing)
This grammar expresses the finishing of one behaviour followed by the beginning of a subsequent behaviour. Even though technically ๊ณ is sufficient, using ๊ณ ๋์ greatly emphasises the completion of the first behaviour.
*When the subjects of the first and second clauses are the same in sentences using the motion verbs ๊ฐ๋ค, ์ค๋ค, ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋ค, ๋ค์ด์ค๋ค, ๋๊ฐ๋ค, ๋์ค๋ค, ์ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ๋ค, ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ๋ค, ์ผ์ด๋๋ค, ์๋ค, ๋๋ค, ๋ง๋๋ค, - ์/์ด์ is used instead.
๋๋ ํ๊ต์ ๊ฐ์ ๊ณต๋ถํด์.
์ค์ํ๊ณ ๋์ ๋ก์
์ ๋ฐ๋ผ์.
๋ฌธ์ ๋ฅผ ์ ๋ฃ๊ณ ๋์ ๋๋ต์ ์ฐพ์ผ์ธ์.
4. V + ์/์ด์* (in order to)
Similar to the previous grammar, this is a connective ending indicating the temporal relationship between events. The two actions must be so closely related that the second action cannot occur without the first action occurring first. The subjects of both verbs must be the same!!
*Tenses are expressed only in the second verb, not the first.
*When used with verbs designating the wearing of clothes and accessories, ๊ณ is used in place of ์/์ด์.
๋ค ์๊ฐ ๋์ ๊ณต์์ ์์์ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ์ด์.
์ฌ์ ์น๊ตฌ์๊ฒ ๋ชฉ๊ฑธ์ด๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ ์ฃผ์์ด์.
์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์ฐ์ฐ์ ์ฐ๊ณ ๊ฐ์.
5. N + ๋, A/V + (์ผ)ใน ๋ (time when something occurs)
This grammar expresses the time when an action or state occurs or its duration.
*๋ is not used together with ์ค์ , ์คํ, ์์นจ or the days of the week.
๋ฉ ๋ฐฉํ๋ ์ธํด์ญ์ ํด์.
์ํ ๋ณผ ๋ ์ ์ฌ๋์ ์ํ์ง๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
๋ช ์ด ๋ ์ฒซ ๋ฐ์ดํธ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์?
6. V + (์ผ)๋ฉด์ (occurring simultaneously)
This grammar indicates that the actions of the first and second verbs occur simultaneously.
*The subjects of the 2 clauses must be the same. If they are different, you use ๋ ๋์.
*Always write in the present tense before attaching the grammar.
๋ฐฅ์ ๋จน์ผ๋ฉด์ TV๋ฅผ ๋ด์.
์ด์ ํ๋ฉด์ ์ ํํ์ง ๋ง์ธ์.
์ ๋ ๊ณต๋ถํ๋ฉด์ ๋
ธ๋๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ ค์.
7. N + ์ค, V + ๋์ค (currently doing, in the midst of)
This expression is used with a noun that corresponds to 'in the process/middle of' or 'currently doing' in English.
*This grammar is similar to ๊ณ ์๋ค, but ๋ ์ค is simply limited to being unable to describe natural phenomena.
๋ฐ๋์ด ๋ถ๋ ์ค์ด์์. (X) ๋ฐ๋์ด ๋ถ๊ณ ์์ด์. (O)
์ฌ์ฅ๋์ ํ์์ค์ด์์.
์์ฆ ์ง์ ์ฐพ๋ ์ค์ด์์.
8. V + ์๋ง์ (as soon as, right after)
This grammar indicates that something occurs immediately following the end of some event or action, meaning 'as soon as' or 'right after'.
*The subjects of the 1st and 2nd clauses can be the same or different, and tense is not expressed in the verb of the 1st clause, but it is in the 2nd clause.
๋ํ๊ต์ ์กธ์
ํ์๋ง์ ์ทจ์งํ ๊ฑฐ์์.
์ ํธ๋ํฐ์ ์ฌ์๋ง์ ๊ณ ์ฅ๋ฌ์ด์.
์ ๋จ์น์ ์ฒซ ๋ณด์๋ง์
9. N + ๋์, V + ๋ ๋์ (during, while)
This pattern expresses the length of time starting when a certain action or behaviour begins and lasting until it ends.
*The difference between (์ผ)๋ฉด์ and ๋ ๋์ is that the first one is about doing something simultaneously (subjects of the 1st and 2nd clause must be the same); while the second is about things happening at a certain time period (so 1st and 2nd clause subjects can be different).
์ด์ 4์๊ฐ ๋์ ๋
ธ๋๋ฐฉ์์ ๋ถ๋ ์ด์.
4๊ฐ์ ๋ฐ ๋์ ๊ตํํ์์ผ๋ก ์์ธ์์ ์ด๊ฑฐ์์.
๋นํ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ค๋ฆฌ๋ ๋์ ๋ฉด์ธ์ ์์ ์ผํํ ๊น์?
10. V + (์ผ)ใด ์ง ๋๋ค/ ๋๋ค (since)
This grammar indicates how much time has passed since some situation or action occurred and thus corresponds to 'since' in English. It can be expressed in the two ways mentioned above.
ํ๊ตญ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถํ ์ง 3๋
์ด ๋์์ด์.
์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ฌ๊ท ์ง 2๋
์ด ๋์์ด์.
๊ณต์ฐํ์ง 10๋
์ด ๋์์ด์.