The notes of this post have quite a lot of defending Europe and pointing out apparent failures in our reply. We would like to take this moment to address some of these arguments in more detail:
WWC cannot infer what we are not told
First, our answer would have been more detailed if OP had been specific about their time period. As the notes correctly point out, “the Medieval period” is extremely long and varies by region —but how is WWC expected to know whether the story is set before or after certain advancements have been made?
This is why it is important to be as specific as possible when asking WWC questions: The burden is on the asker to describe their problem accurately. It is not WWC’s failure that the time period is not specific.
Marika based their answer around OP listing the Islamic Golden Age (Abbasid Caliphate) and the “Dark” Ages (Which still vary depending on if we are talking Western Europe/ Holy Roman Empire or Byzantium). As many note, because “Middle Ages” is such a vague descriptor for “Europe, before Renaissance, After Rome”, the only clue of time period was the Islamic Golden Age, narrowing the window to a slightly shorter time period: approximately 8th to 13th c. CE.
Again, If we are given generalities, we can only respond in kind, and cannot be held responsible for subsequent misunderstandings.
Though Europe had its own significant cultural & technological developments between 700 - 1300 CE, we feel these pale in comparison when put in the broader context of concurrent global developments.
A snapshot of historical developments that influenced the European region* during this time period include:
North Africa and Al-Andalus: The Moors revitalizing Spanish and Sicilian civilization through agriculture, architecture, astronomy and restoration of Roman sanitation systems
China: The invention of gunpowder during the Song Dynasty**
Mali - Timbuktu: Mansa Musa giving away so much gold during his hajj that he crashed the price of gold in the Mediterranean***
South-East Asia: The Javanese Mahapajit Empire’s naval advancements and expeditions, including but not limited to: the creation of massive jong/junk transport ships in the 8th century that would go on to dwarf European, Arabic and Chinese equivalents for almost 800 years, usage of compasses and magnets in navigation, and the refinement of astronavigation for cartography.****
Medical Advancements: Reconstructive surgery (India), linking non-potable water to gastrointestinal illness (Egypt), Ibn Sina expansion of the ancient Greek germ theory of miasma to include disease spread during epidemics via air, water and physical surfaces (Persia)
Print: Movable type (wood - China), plate printing (metal - India) and the expansion of mass paper production from East Asia (Pioneered in 2nd century BCE China) to the Middle East (Or: How the Abbasid Caliphate built the House of Wisdom, preserving and disseminating much of the ancient Greek and Roman scholarship not already maintained by European Christian monasteries)
Trade: Notable trade regions during this period include: Swahili Coast linking the Mediterranean with East Africa, the Middle East and South Asia, Abbasid and Moorish controlled Mediterranean trade, and Mahapajit trade across all regions bordering the Indian Ocean.*****
This also does not account for the many European advancements that are a direct result of interaction with the Islamic Golden Age and what was learned from West Asian, South Asian, and North African scholarship. Much of Europe viewed aspects of these societies as worthy of being emulated, because they did. Frequently.
Many prominent non-European capitals had much better sanitation than their European counterparts. While they didn’t always have running water (An accomplishment distinct to Baghdad, Al-Andalus, and other parts of the Islamic world), they had the following advantages:
More robust, segregated systems for sewage collection and disposal
Strict regulation and maintenance of public drinking water wells
Usage of human waste instead of animal waste for farming via daily municipal night-soil collection, especially in regions where livestock manure was not widely available.
It’s important to remember that religions like Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism linked the regular act of bathing the entire body with piety. This included overall cleanliness: teeth cleaning, hair washing and daily laundering of undergarments before or after bathing. Thus, many non-European civilizations were heavily invested in regular, rigorous personal hygiene. Similarly, bathing the whole body was prioritized in much of Asia and Africa for personal health. By contrast, prevailing European medical theory was concerned more with humours and vapours and prioritized bathing parts of the body (E.g. Face, neck, hands, feet) that corresponded to the relevant treatment or prevention of the affliction.
In short, while Europe was likely less squalid than popular media suggests, their cities and people were still probably dirtier relative to Asian and African cities of the same size during this time period because their priorities differed with respect to how to treat human waste and city infrastructure. Similarly, their daily rituals and habits with respect to hygiene were grounded in different philosophies and logistical realities.
White Fragility, European History, and Reader Bias
WWC has pointed out multiple times that there is only so much an author can do to coddle their readers’ biases. If white readers are upset that Europeans are shown as not the “most advanced” (as imperfect as that metric is) society on the planet, then that is their own white fragility they must work through.
European history is well-trod, often easily Googleable, and doesn’t lack advocates or nuanced representation.
Writing with Color is a blog focused on integrating non-Western, non-European, non-white perspectives into stories. Many writeblrs focusing on European/ Western oriented content often don’t even address or explore PoC settings and PoC history. Thus, why are we, a PoC writing blog, being expected to cover both our own histories as well as those of the European societies that marginalized us with equal levels of nuance, when this expectation is not yet reciprocated by many of our peers? We invite our readers to interrogate their own defensiveness. Why do they feel the need to defend European history when a few people of color state they simply don’t find this era within Europe to be especially compelling?
This is exactly the kind of reaction the asker seems worried would happen, and why perhaps they chose to solicit us when a blog focusing on Medieval Europe would have been a better fit (We think, again, the question was extremely vague). Yes, Europe was often better off than movies will lead you to believe, but that is comparing Europe to its media representation, advanced mostly by earlier centuries of white scholarship and white popular culture. What about comparing Europe to a literal golden age that laid much of the foundation for modern education, technology and urban planning, that many regions in Europe copied in order to recover from the upheaval that followed the fall of the Roman Empire?
We are a writing blog for the marginalized, and you may look elsewhere for blogs that wish to deep-dive into mainstream European history if that is your priority.