How Power Cables Are Built
A power cable is a marvel of engineering, composed of several integrated layers, each serving a distinct protective or conductive function.
Conductor (Core): Typically made of high-conductivity copper or lightweight aluminum, the conductor is the central pathway for electrical current.
Insulation Layer: This critical layer isolates the conductor from external contact, preventing current leakage or short circuits. Common materials include PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and XLPE (Cross-Linked Polyethylene), prized for their durability and high-temperature resistance.
Shield Layer (for MV/HV Cables): Primarily used in medium and high-voltage cables, this layer (often a metallic tape or semiconductive material) controls the electric field, reduces electromagnetic interference, and enhances safety.
Protective Sheath & Armor: The cable’s outer defense system.
Outer Sheath/Jacket: Provides protection against moisture, chemicals, abrasion, and environmental damage.
Armor (Steel Tape/Wire): Adds mechanical strength for crush and tensile resistance, essential for direct burial, duct, or tunnel installations.
