#wallachia

Recently watched the new Dracula and INSTANTLY fell in love. I’m yearning just as much as he is 😩.

Currently working on a story..should I post the parts as I’m writing?

This movie is a true masterpiece.

Masterlist

Why is cinematic Dracula portrayed as a lonely aristocrat when his historical family ruled for centuries? Let's explore the facts, myths, and add a bit of personal perspective on the origins of vampires.

Historical Context

The prototype of Dracula — Vlad III Țepeș (1431–1476), ruler of Wallachia. His family, the House of Drăculești, was a branch of the Basarab dynasty, which ruled from the 14th century. The name “Dracula” comes from his father’s title, Vlad II Dracul (“The Dragon”), a member of the chivalric Order of the Dragon.

Key Figures:

Vlad II Dracul — father of Vlad Tepes, assassinated by nobles.

Vlad III Țepeș — infamous for impalements (hence "Tepes" — "The Impaler").

Radu III the Handsome — Vlad’s brother, who ruled with Ottoman support.

Michael the Brave (1593–1601) — the dynasty’s last significant ruler, who briefly united Wallachia, Transylvania, and Moldavia.

The Drăculești branch originated with Vlad II Dracul (son of Mircea the Elder) and gradually faded by the 18th century. The last legitimate descendant, Trașcă Drăculescu, marked the end of the dynasty.

Cinematic Dracula

This version of Dracula has no biological heirs, as vampires are typically depicted as infertile. His "family" consists of those he has turned—such as the three brides in Stoker’s novel. Over 500 years, he could have created thousands of "descendants," yet screenwriters prefer to portray him as solitary.

If vampires lived for 1,000 years and turned others every 200–300 years, there could be 8–10 generations over 2,000 years.

While Dracula traditionally has no biological heirs due to vampire infertility, there are notable exceptions in various adaptations. In the Castlevania series, Alucard is depicted as Dracula's son. Additionally, in the animated film series Hotel Transylvania, Dracula is portrayed as having a daughter named Mavis and a father named Vlad.

Headcanon: A Common Ancestor for Vampires?

"Do Dracula and other vampires share a common ancestor?" No canon answer, but here’s my take:

The First Vampire — a human who achieved eternal life through alchemy/magic but fell into a trap of their own making. Perhaps the gods cursed him, or he made a fatal mistake in his ritual. Others, seeing his power, replicated the process, but each curse mutated. This created various vampire clans with unique weaknesses (sunlight, garlic, silver).

Vlad Tepes may have inherited vampirism from a nameless progenitor, with his cruelty amplifying the darkness of his lineage. As the first clan, his descendants are inherently stronger than others. Meanwhile, other vampire clans emerged from those who sought immortality through blood rituals or dark pacts, each forming their own distinct bloodline with unique traits and weaknesses.

Conclusion

Dracula’s historical bloodline was real and played a significant role in Wallachian politics. In films, he is portrayed as a lone figure because it enhances the drama, making him darker and more mysterious. However, if we consider him as part of an ancient vampire lineage, his story becomes more than just a horror tale—it turns into a full-fledged legend with its own rules and traditions.

Corpus Draculianum Vol I,1 -All the internal sources about Vlad

[Controversial attribution] [14]48 October 31, Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs the council of Brașov that they must reject the request of the Vice-Voivode of Transylvania, Nicolae de Vizakna, as it is still unknown what has happened to Iancu of Hunedoara. Informants from the Ottoman Empire keep him updated on the progress of the war.

[September 1456 – December 1461] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, sends a mandate to the customs officers in Rucăr, stating that an envoy should inform the Brașov council that the news about the Ottoman advance is false. The expected envoy from Brașov may still come, and the customs officer on his way to Brașov should be escorted back.

September 6, 1456, Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a diploma for the representatives of Țara Bârsei, granting them extensive trade privileges in Wallachia. In return, they are to offer him asylum in case he loses the throne. Both parties commit to providing mutual military support.

September 10, 1456, Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs the Brașov council that an Ottoman envoy is demanding the right for Ottoman troops to pass through Wallachia into Transylvania. He asks the Brașovians to send armed men to help him deter the Ottoman envoy.

[1456 – 1461] December 8 Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, requests that the Brașov council return the steel confiscated from his man, Dimitru, or reimburse him for it.

March 14, 1457, Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, reminds the Sibiu council that, according to agreements made, they should cease supporting a pretender to the throne residing in the Amlaș region.

April 16, 1457, Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a confirmation for the Cozia Monastery regarding the village of Troienești, exempting it from services and taxes.

[1457] December 1, Rucăr Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, confirms to the Brașov council and the inhabitants of Țara Bârsei the observance of the armistice negotiated by Mihail Szilágyi and ensures trade freedom based on reciprocity. He agrees to uphold the agreement as long as peace between Szilágyi and the Brașovians lasts.

March 5, 1458, Tismana Monastery Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a confirmation to Tismana Monastery regarding its ownership over all villages it possessed since the time of his father, Vlad Dracul, exempting them from services and princely burdens.

[Between March 28 and July 4, 1458] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a credential for Ivan Polivar to the Brașov council, also requesting them to expel his enemies, Mihail the Chancellor and Pardoi, from the Brașov region.

May 18, 1458, Gherghița Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, asks Gaspar, the steward of Brașov, to vouch for the Brașov craftsmen who will be sent to Wallachia.

June 13, 1458, near Dâmbovița Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a credential for Petrus Sor to the Brașov council.

[January 21, 1459, near Sighișoara] Basarab, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, promises the Brașov council his military support against the city's enemies.

[Before April 2, 1459] Dan, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, informs the Brașov council that, under the commission of the King of Hungary, he is coming to seize Wallachia and seeks their support.

15a-b. April 2 and April 5, 1459, Feldioara Dan, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, grants the judge and the Brașov council the goods left in the city by Wallachian merchants as compensation for the damages caused by Vlad Țepeș.

September 20, 1459, Bucharest Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a confirmation for Andrei and his sons regarding their estate in Poiana lui Ștev and Ponor, exempting them from taxes and services.

March 1, 1460, [Brașov] Dan, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, issues a mandate to the inhabitants of Wallachia, forbidding them from harassing the Brașovians for confiscating the goods of Wallachian merchants.

June 4, 1460, the fortress of [Bucharest?] on the Dâmbovița Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, requests the Brașov council to send back to Wallachia, along with his envoy Voico Dobrița, the boyars who took refuge in Brașov and wish to submit to him, or to expel those who refuse.

July 26, 1460, [Wallachia] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs the Brașov council that he wishes to maintain peace as long as the city does not support the people of Făgăraș, against whom he announces a punitive expedition.

August 10, 1460, the fortress of [Bucharest?] near the Dâmbovița Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, writes to the Brașov council regarding certain disputes.

October 11, [14]60, Wywar/[Bucharest] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, complains to a high-ranking Transylvanian official that the Brașovians are not honoring the treaty concluded a few weeks earlier.

February 10, 1461, Bucharest Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a confirmation for Bâra and his brother, Godea, regarding the village of Godeni, exempting it from taxes and duties.

[Disputed authenticity] February 11, 1462, Uywar/[Bucharest] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, reports to Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, that the Ottomans attempted an attack against him and that, as a result, he took up arms against them. Describing the military operations in detail, he requests Matthias to send an army in his support. The letter includes a meticulous count of the Turks and Bulgarians killed.

[1464/1465] February 19 Radu the Handsome, Voivode of Wallachia, responds to the Brașov council regarding their repeated requests for trade privileges, stating that first, the compensations established during Vlad Țepeș’s rule must be repaid.

June 2, 1475, [Moardăș] Vlad Țepeș, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, issues a credential for his boyar, Cristian Pârcălab, to the Sibiu council and requests that a house in the city be made available to him.

October 13, 1475, Bălcaciu Vlad Țepeș, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, issues a confirmation to Thomas Altemberger, mayor of Sibiu, for the receipt of 200 Hungarian florins.

[After July 22 – Before August 1, 1476], Cipău Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a safe-conduct for Sebastian, who is traveling to Brașov.

October 7, 1476, Brașov Vlad Țepeș, a pretender to the Wallachian throne, issues a charter to the Brașovians granting them privileges, ensuring free trade without limitations resulting from the right of scale and with fixed customs duties.

November 8, [1476], Târgoviște Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs the Brașov council of his victory over Basarab Laiotă and the latter’s flight to the Ottomans, urging the Brașovians to resume trade. Lord Rătundul is accredited as an envoy.

[November 8 – 26, 1476] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, asks the Brașov council to support him in recruiting Transylvanian mercenaries.

[November 8 – 26, 1476] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, asks the Brașov council to confirm the receipt of the oxen and cows he gifted, justifying this by freeing the cattle herders.

[November 8 – 26, 1476] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a credential to the Brașov council for Lord Stoica armaș (a high-ranking military officer).

[November 8 – 26, 1476] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, requests the Brașov council to grant justice to Lord Stoica armaș regarding the goods left with Paul Kewer.

[November 17, 1476], Târgoviște Cristian Pârcălab reports to the judge and council of Brașov about the capture of Bucharest and the submission of the boyars under Vlad Țepeș, while also requesting more carpenters.

[From November 26, 1476] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs the Brașov council about the submission of the Wallachian boyars, inviting them to once again use the trade routes.

[After October 27, 1479] Basarab the Younger, Voivode of Wallachia, requests the Brașov council to stop supporting any pretender to the throne.

[After February 24, 1480], Bucharest Lord Neagu requests the Brașov council to release the wife of Basarab the Younger, Voivode of Wallachia, who is being held hostage, and to cease supporting any pretender. He also reminds them of Vlad Țepeș’s punitive expeditions.

April 1, 1551, Bucharest Mircea Ciobanul, Voivode of Wallachia, confirms the Monastery of Govora’s ownership over the villages of Glodul and Hințea. On this occasion, he recalls the destruction of the monastery by the boyar Albu cel Mare and his defeat at the hands of Vlad Țepeș.

January 20, 1604, Târgoviște Radu Șerban, Voivode of Wallachia, issues a confirmation to Vintilă of Satu Mare and his brothers for their ownership of the villages of Satu Mare and Vâlcana.

Complementary Sources

Documents No. 40 – 59

Annex: Documents of Controversial Attribution

[Controversial Attribution and Authenticity] August 8, 1447, Târgoviște Vlad, Voivode of Wallachia and son of Voivode Vlad, issues a confirmation to Taeâncoș, Stan, and Colțea for their estate in Coteana, over which they had established kinship.

[Controversial Authenticity] November 7, 1462, [Rucăr] Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, informs Sultan Mehmed II about a planned march into Wallachia, requesting permission for the free passage of his envoys who were to deliver his declaration of submission. In return, the Voivode offers his support to the Ottomans for the conquest of Transylvania and the rest of Hungary.

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Corpus Draculianum Vol I,2 - All the external sources about Vlad

62. February 6, 1452, Buda John Hunyadi, Governor of Hungary, informs the Brașov Council about the armistice concluded with the Ottomans, sending them a mandate to refrain from supporting the pretender Vlad because of this agreement.

63. March 30, 1452, Săcălaz John Hunyadi, Governor of Hungary, informs the Brașov Council about certain decisions made at the Vienna meeting, as well as about the expulsion of the pretender Vlad from the kingdom, issuing a mandate instructing the Brașovians not to extradite the wives of Wallachian fugitives.

64. July 3, 1456, Cuvin John Hunyadi, Count of Bistrița, issues a mandate for the Saxons of the Seven Seats to urgently join him with their troops and reports that he has entrusted the defense of the region to Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

65. December 17, 1456, Kecskemét Ladislaus Hunyadi, Count of Bistrița, etc., issues a mandate to the Brașov Council to support the pretender Dan, designated by Ladislaus the Posthumous, King of Hungary, against the unfaithful Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

66. November 23, 1457, Sighișoara Mihály Szilágyi, Ban of Macsó and commander of Belgrade, certifies the armistice agreement between himself and his supporters and Ladislaus the Posthumous, King of Hungary. This armistice involves Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, and the Burzenland region. The Brașovians are required to expel the pretender Dan and cease supporting him in the future.

67a-b. March 3 and 6, 1458, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and Mihály Szilágyi, Governor of Hungary, each issue a mandate to the Council and the community of Sibiu, calling for an end to violent conflicts with Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, whom they have invited to maintain peace and order.

68. July 4, 1458, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, issues a mandate to the Brașov Council, ordering them to hand over the belongings of Mihail Logofăt, who was killed by Vlad Țepeș, to his servants.

69. September 10, 1458, Szeged Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, issues a mandate to the Brașov Council, instructing them to pay Benedict de Boythor, his envoy traveling to Wallachia to meet Voivode Vlad Țepeș, 48 florins from the revenues of the Hărman estate.

70. April 23, 1459, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, issues a mandate to the Brașov Council and the Burzenland community, ordering them to hand over to the Count of the Szeklers the properties located in Brașov that belonged to Codrea, who was executed by Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, as well as the pepper confiscated from the castellans of Bran.

71. April 22, 1460, Pest Blasius of Bardejov sends a report to the Council of Bardejov about the defeat of the pretender Dan and the execution of his men by Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

72. April 28, 1460, Vingard János Geréb de Vingard, Vice-Governor of Hungary, orders the Brașov Council to confirm the news that Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, is allegedly preparing an incursion into Transylvania alongside the Ottomans.

73. [After October 11, 1460, Brașov] The recording of the proposals made by the envoy of Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, regarding an agreement with the Two and Seven Saxon Seats, the city of Brașov, the Burzenland region, and the Szeklers.

74. [After March 4 – Before April 3, 1462, Vác] Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, informs Girolamo Lando, Bishop of Crete and Papal Legate, about his alliance with Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

75. March 21, 1462, Nyirád Blasius of Bardejov informs János of Sunja, the tax collector in Sáros County, about the killing of "24,000 Turks" by Vlad Țepeș.

76. [Mid-March 1462, Buda] Instructions for Ladislaus de Vesen, envoy of the Hungarian royal court, regarding his mission to the Doge of Venice and Pope Pius II. He is tasked with requesting subsidies for the Kingdom of Hungary, anticipating Ottoman retaliation for Vlad Țepeș's attack in the previous winter.

77. April 2, 1462, Caffa Raffaele Monterosso, Consul of Caffa, offers the city's vassalage to Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, requesting in return that Caffa be included in a peace treaty or armistice with the Ottomans or placed under his protection.

78. [After July 1, 1462] ? Sultan Mehmed II sends a fetih-name (conquest decree) about the campaign in Wallachia to Prince Damad II İbrahim Beğ of Karaman.

79. 1462/63, Caffa Accounting records from the Genoese colony of Caffa regarding the stay of a Wallachian delegation.

80. August 15, 1462, Cluj Albert of Istenmezeje, Vice-Count of the Szeklers, issues a mandate to the Brașov Council for maintaining the armistice with Radu the Handsome, Voivode of Wallachia.

81. December 3, 1462, Brașov Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, confirms the privileges of the new settlers in Șercaia and Părău, following significant destruction.

Here is the English translation:

71. April 22, 1460, Pest Blasius of Bardejov sends a report to the Council of Bardejov about the defeat of the pretender Dan and the execution of his men by Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

72. April 28, 1460, Vingard János Geréb de Vingard, Vice-Governor of Hungary, orders the Brașov Council to confirm the news that Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, is allegedly preparing an incursion into Transylvania alongside the Ottomans.

73. [After October 11, 1460, Brașov] The recording of the proposals made by the envoy of Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia, regarding an agreement with the Two and Seven Saxon Seats, the city of Brașov, the Burzenland region, and the Szeklers.

74. [After March 4 – Before April 3, 1462, Vác] Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, informs Girolamo Lando, Bishop of Crete and Papal Legate, about his alliance with Vlad Țepeș, Voivode of Wallachia.

75. March 21, 1462, Nyirád Blasius of Bardejov informs János of Sunja, the tax collector in Sáros County, about the killing of "24,000 Turks" by Vlad Țepeș.

76. [Mid-March 1462, Buda] Instructions for Ladislaus de Vesen, envoy of the Hungarian royal court, regarding his mission to the Doge of Venice and Pope Pius II. He is tasked with requesting subsidies for the Kingdom of Hungary, anticipating Ottoman retaliation for Vlad Țepeș's attack in the previous winter.

77. April 2, 1462, Caffa Raffaele Monterosso, Consul of Caffa, offers the city's vassalage to Casimir IV, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, requesting in return that Caffa be included in a peace treaty or armistice with the Ottomans or placed under his protection.

78. [After July 1, 1462] ? Sultan Mehmed II sends a fetih-name (conquest decree) about the campaign in Wallachia to Prince Damad II İbrahim Beğ of Karaman.

79. 1462/63, Caffa Accounting records from the Genoese colony of Caffa regarding the stay of a Wallachian delegation.

80. August 15, 1462, Cluj Albert of Istenmezeje, Vice-Count of the Szeklers, issues a mandate to the Brașov Council for maintaining the armistice with Radu the Handsome, Voivode of Wallachia.

81. December 3, 1462, Brașov Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, confirms the privileges of the new settlers in Șercaia and Părău, following significant destruction.

82. July 6, 1464, Lipova Ferenc Literatus de Kezy, castellan of Hunedoara, writes to the Sibiu Council regarding the sum of money owed to him by the late citizen Iacob Sor.

83. October 8, 1464, Deleni Ștefan de Héderfája allows the inhabitants of the Miercurea Sibiului seat to graze their pigs in the forests belonging to Amlaș.

84. June 25, 1475, Bistrița Dominicus, provost of Székesfehérvár, and Gasparus of Oradea, envoys of King Matthias Corvinus to Stephen the Great, send a letter to the king in which the voivode requests assistance against the Turks.

85. [Uncertain identification] [After July 12, 1475] Dominicus, provost of Székesfehérvár and apostolic protonotary, announces the fall of Caffa and the oaths of allegiance made by Stephen the Great and the "Transalpine voivode," possibly the pretender Vlad Țepeș, to King Matthias Corvinus.

86. August 15, 1475, Buda The second vassalage treaty between Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, and Stephen the Great, Voivode of Moldavia.

87. September 21, 1475, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, sends a mandate to Thomas Altemberger, Mayor of Sibiu, for the payment of a subsidy of 200 florins from the tridecima or vigesima (taxes) of the Baia de Arieș chamber for his loyal supporter Vlad Țepeș, pretender to the throne of Wallachia.

88. January 16, 1476, Stremț János Pongrácz, Voivode of Transylvania, writes to the Brașov Council about the alliance between King Matthias Corvinus and Basarab Laiotă, Voivode of Wallachia, as well as the need to send Vlad Țepeș's supporters to him.

89. March 7, 1476, Buda Gabriele Rangone, Bishop of Eger, reports to Pope Sixtus IV about the capture of the fortress of Srebrenica by the Hungarian army, among whose commanders was Vlad Țepeș.

90. July 21, 1476, Șintereag Ștefan Erdély, Vice-Voivode of Transylvania, informs the Brașov Council that Transylvanian troops are summoned to Turda on July 25 to join the royal army led by Ștefan Báthory and Vlad Țepeș. Additionally, he orders envoys to be sent to Moldavia to gather news about the progress of the war.

91. July 22, 1476, Oradea The Brașov notary, Magistrate Paulus, writes to the Brașov Council about the preparations for restoring Vlad Țepeș to the throne of Wallachia, informing them that Stephen the Great would also accept Basarab the Younger.

92. August 7, 1476 A report on the war in Moldavia, based on the testimony of Ladislau, secretary of Vlad Țepeș.

93. September 16, 1476, Wrocław Balthasar de Piscia, papal legate, reports to Pope Sixtus IV about the Ottoman campaign in Moldavia and Vlad Țepeș’s victory in Wallachia.

94. [October–November 1476, Edirne?] The informant “Yusuf” reports on high-level changes in the Ottoman hierarchy and the situation of the Ottoman army in Anatolia. Vlad Țepeș’s campaign against Basarab Laiotă is cited as the reason for shifting Ottoman attacks toward Wallachia.

95. November 11, 1476, camp near Bucharest Ștefan Báthory, royal judge and supreme commander of the royal troops in Transylvania, sends a report to the Sibiu Council on the progress of the campaign in Wallachia and issues a mandate for the delivery of supplies.

96. November [2]5, 1476, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, informs Ernst, Elector Prince of Saxony, about the battle against the Ottomans, the conquest of Wallachia, and the reinstatement of Vlad Țepeș.

97. December 4, 1476, Buda Giustiniano Cavitelli, a counselor at the court in Buda, notifies Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Duke of Milan, about the enthronement of Vlad Țepeș.

98. December 8, 1476, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, reports to Pope Sixtus IV on the victory of the Hungarian armies against Basarab Laiotă, Voivode of Wallachia.

99. January 5, 1477, Hârlău Stephen the Great, Voivode of Moldavia, thanks the Brașov Council for the news about Vlad Țepeș and requests further information.

100. May 8, 1477, Venice Transcription of the speech given by Ioan Țamblac, envoy of Stephen the Great, before the Venetian Senate regarding the political and military situation of the Principality of Moldavia.

101. March 12, 1479, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, issues a grant to Royal Judge Ștefan Báthory and his brother Andrei, comprising several properties, in recognition of their service to the crown.

102. September 10, 1489, Pécs The chapter of Pécs Cathedral draws up a sale-purchase deed for the "Dracula House."

This section provides complementary sources related to historical events:

103. January 16, 1458, Brașov Mihail Masa, vice-comes of the Szeklers and castellan of Bran, commits to halving the customs duty levied on goods belonging to Brașov merchants with a value exceeding 1,000 florins.

104. March 28, 1458, Lipova Mihail Szilágyi, governor of Hungary, orders the people of Sibiu, Brașov, the Szeklers, and the Transylvanian nobility to accept refugees coming from Moldavia and Wallachia.

105. April 3, 1459, Buda Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, prohibits the export of weapons from Brașov to Wallachia and orders the punishment of those who violate this restriction.

106. May 26, 1460, Cistei Nicolaus, castellan of Vízakna, informs the Brașov Council that King Matthias and Mihail Szilágyi wish to conclude a treaty with Bohemia to fight against the Ottomans and asks for support for travelers heading to Wallachia.

107. April 12, 1461, Sniatyn Michał Mużyło Buczacki, castellan of the fortress of Kamianets-Podilskyi and hetman of the provinces of Sniatyn and Kolomyia, authenticates the loan of a sum of money from Mihail, the Moldavian logothete, during a diplomatic mission to Wallachia.

108. January 26, 1462, Kraków The inhabitants of Kamianets petition King Casimir IV of Poland to ensure the continuation of trade along the Luczko–Olesko route, given the ongoing war in Moldavia.

109. [April/May] 1462, Buda János Vitéz, Bishop of Oradea, informs Cardinal Juan Carvajal de Sant’Angelo about the peace agreement between King Matthias Corvinus and Jan Giskra, as well as the Ottoman war preparations along the Danube, requesting the cardinal’s intervention with the Pope to support the Kingdom of Hungary.

110. July 1462, Bistrița A section from a military register of the city of Bistrița, compiled in preparation for the Wallachian campaign announced for 1462.

111. August 1, 1476, Sighișoara Ștefan Báthory, royal judge and supreme commander of the Hungarian armies, orders all regional Transylvanian authorities to assist Brașov officials traveling on royal missions by providing them with horses and other necessities.

This section contains reports by Pietro di Tommasi and the Venetian Senate regarding military movements and political affairs:

112. March 10, 1457, Buda Pietro di Tommasi reports on the large concentration of Ottoman troops and their advance through Bulgaria and Wallachia.

113. April 16, 1457, Buda Pietro di Tommasi reports on Ottoman troop movements based on information from Serbian envoys.

114. March 4, 1462, Buda Pietro di Tommasi describes the conflict between Vlad Țepeș and the Ottomans, copies Vlad's letters to Matthias Corvinus, and advocates for Hungary's support.

115. May 27, 1462, Buda Pietro di Tommasi reports on the Ottoman incursion, the state of their troops, and the military measures taken by Vlad Țepeș.

116. May 27, 1462, Buda Pietro di Tommasi describes the march of Ottoman troops through Bulgaria.

117. May 29, 1462, Buda Pietro di Tommasi details the war preparations of both the Ottomans and Hungarians.

118. [Undated] Pietro di Tommasi reports on Mehmed II’s offensive in Wallachia, Vlad Țepeș’s preparations, and the number of troops on both sides.

119. June 15, 1462, Buda Pietro di Tommasi states that Sultan Mehmed II is personally leading the offensive in Wallachia.

120. July 19, 1462, Venice The Venetian Senate instructs Pietro di Tommasi to assure King Matthias Corvinus of Venice’s support in the fight against the Ottomans.

121. October 11, 1462, Venice The Venetian Senate permits Pietro di Tommasi to return home but orders him to continue drafting reports on Wallachia until officially relieved from his duties.

122. January 15, 1463, Venice The Venetian Senate confirms receipt of news regarding the arrest of Vlad Țepeș.

This section contains reports from Antonio Guidobono regarding the military conflict between Vlad Țepeș and the Ottomans, as well as the reactions in Venice and Hungary:

123. March 18, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the execution of the sultan’s envoys and the occupation of Ottoman territories by the Wallachians.

124. March 29, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono confirms the defeat of the Ottomans in battle with the Wallachians and mentions the dispatch of Hungarian troops to support Vlad Țepeș.

125. May 25, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono confirms the mobilization of Ottoman forces against Vlad Țepeș.

126. June 2, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono confirms Ottoman war plans against Wallachia.

127. June 9, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the Ottoman march against Wallachia and Vlad Țepeș’s defensive preparations.

128. June 12, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the Ottoman march against Wallachia and Hungary’s financial difficulties.

129. June 16, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the arrival of Ladislau de Vesen in Venice.

130. June 21, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the Ottoman advance toward Wallachia.

131. June 25, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on Venetian fears of a possible Ottoman land invasion.

132. June 28, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports growing concerns in Venice that the Ottomans might attack within their territory.

133a-b. July 2, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports that Vlad Țepeș has been defeated and that an attack on Belgrade is expected.

134. July 7, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on rumors of heavy Ottoman defeats.

135. July 12, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono states that he cannot confirm rumors of an Ottoman defeat in Wallachia.

136. July 20, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports that a battle between the Wallachians, Hungarians, and Ottomans is expected.

137. July 23, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports that the Venetians fear a truce between the Hungarians and Ottomans. In Wallachia, Radu the Handsome is recognized as ruler by the inhabitants.

138. July 30, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on alleged Venetian financial aid to Matthias Corvinus and rumors of a major Ottoman defeat in Wallachia.

139. August 3, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports that Hungary is preparing for a confrontation with the Ottomans.

140. August 10, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the Ottoman retreat due to supply difficulties and the Hungarian offensive.

141. August 13, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on news that the Ottomans may have been defeated in Wallachia.

142. August 20, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on news that the Ottomans suffered significant losses and possibly a defeat in Wallachia, as well as on Hungary's offensive preparations and troop gatherings.

143. August 25, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on the Ottoman retreat from Wallachia.

144. August 28, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono confirms the Ottoman retreat from Wallachia.

145. August 31, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono sends a copy of a letter from Bailo Balbi in Constantinople and confirms information about Ottoman losses, as well as Matthias Corvinus's intention to continue the fight.

146. September 2, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono sends a copy of a letter from Bailo Balbi in Constantinople and confirms information about Ottoman losses.

147. September 11, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono confirms the Ottoman retreat towards Adrianople.

148. October 19, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on further attacks by King Matthias Corvinus's royal troops, who sought to fight against Radu the Fair and the Ottoman forces supporting him.

149. December 20, 1462, Venice Antonio Guidobono reports on an unsuccessful Ottoman attack in Hungary.

Chapter of Authors: Leonardo Botta

150. October 28, 1476, Venice Leonardo Botta reports on gifts from the King of Hungary, Matthias Corvinus, to his supporters.

151. February 1, 1477, Venice Leonardo Botta reports on the capture of a Hungarian fortress near Semendria and the death of Vlad Țepeș.

152. February 7, 1477, Venice Leonardo Botta reports on the return of Italian ambassadors from Hungary.

Individual Letters

153. December 7, 1448, Constantinople A French informant reports on the battles for the throne of Wallachia.

154. March 20, 1462, Venice The Venetian Senate informs Pope Pius II about Vlad Țepeș's military successes against the Ottomans.

155a-b. March 23 – July 17, 1462, Bologna Mention of the arrival of two letters containing news about the war between the Wallachians and the Ottomans.

156. March 30, 1462, Rome Cardinal Francesco Gonzaga reports to Luigi III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, about discussions among cardinals regarding the battles fought by the Wallachians against the Ottomans.

157. April 12, 1462, Venice Cezar of Florence reports to Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, on Wallachian operations against an Ottoman transport fleet and their consequences.

158. May 26, 1462, Santa Maura Leonardo III Tocco, Despot of Arta, informs the Doge of Venice about the advance of Ottoman troops toward the Danube.

159. June 28, 1462, Venice The Venetian Senate informs Niccolò Sagundino, its secretary at the Papal Curia, about Mehmed II’s campaign and orders him to intervene to ensure the continued financial support for Hungary.

160. July 19, 1462, Venice The Venetian Senate assigns Niccolò Sagundino, its secretary at the Papal Curia, to continue negotiations for granting subsidies to King Matthias Corvinus.

161. July 28, 1462, Constantinople Domenico Balbi, the Venetian bailo in Constantinople, reports to Cristoforo Moro, the Doge of Venice, about the return of the Ottoman army from Wallachia.

162. August 3, 1462, Candia Aloysio Gabriel, rector of Candia, reports to Antonio Loredano, commander of Modon, about the defeat of the Ottomans.

163. August 13, 1462, Modon Antonio Loredano, commander of Modon, reports on the Wallachians’ victory over the Ottomans based on the account of an Albanian fugitive from Adrianople.

164. January 15, 1463, Venice The Venetian Senate thanks Matthias Corvinus, King of Hungary, for the news regarding Vlad Țepeș, the Voivode of Wallachia.

165. March 3, 1463, Venice The Venetian Senate instructs Bernardo Giustiniani, its envoy to the Papal Curia, to advocate for continued support for Hungary, citing the betrayal of Voivode Vlad Țepeș as evidence of the kingdom’s ongoing threat.

166. April 18, 1463, Venice Cristoforo Moro, the Doge of Venice, sends Giovanni Aymo as an envoy to the court in Buda, tasking him with gathering information regarding the arrest of Vlad Țepeș and a possible treaty between the King of Hungary and the Ottomans.

167. July 18, 1475, Buda Florio Reverella, the envoy of Ferrara at the Hungarian court, reports to Ercole I d’Este, Duke of Ferrara, about the alliance between Stephen the Great and Matthias Corvinus, as well as the designation of Vlad Țepeș as Voivode.

168. After February 15, 1476 – December/January 1477, Vienna A citizen from Krems reports on the successes and then the presumed death of Vlad Țepeș during the campaign in Serbia.

169. August 30, 1476, Florence The Florentine Chancellery thanks Francesco Vino, Florence’s ambassador in Venice, for the information about Vlad Țepeș.

170. October 8, 1476, Venice The Venetian Senate informs Emanuele Gerardo, the Venetian secretary in Moldavia, that efforts will be made to obtain subsidies for Stephen the Great.

171. December 24, 1476, Buda Heinrich von Milticz, the envoy of the Elector of Saxony at the court in Buda, reports to Ernst, the Elector of Saxony, and Albrecht, the Duke of Saxony, about the reinstatement of Vlad Țepeș on the throne.

172. January 7, 1477, Venice The Venetian Senate informs Jacobo de Medio, its envoy to the Roman Curia, about the victories of Stephen the Great and Vlad Țepeș.

173. January 10, 1477, Venice The Venetian Senate informs Emanuele Gerardo, the Venetian secretary in Moldavia, about the efforts to support Stephen the Great.

Complementary Sources

174. February 26, 1461, Venice A speech by the envoy of Stjepan Tomašević, King of Bosnia, in which the Venetians are asked to support him against the Ottomans.

175. March 22, 1462, Venice Cezar of Florence reports to Ludovico III Gonzaga, Marquis of Mantua, about the Wallachian army’s operations on the Danube and the defeat of the Ottomans.

176. June 25, 1462, Venice Giacomo Antonio della Torre, Bishop of Modena, and Giovanni Arcimboldi report to Francesco Sforza, Duke of Milan, about the Ottoman war preparations.

177. October 21, 1463, Rome A call from Pope Pius II for a crusade against the Ottomans, accompanied by a description of their campaigns and a mention of the "occupation of Wallachia" in 1462.

178. (Uncertain) August 23, 1476, Florence The Florentine Chancellery thanks Francesco Vino, its ambassador in Venice, for the news about the Ottomans.

179. (Uncertain) September 29, 1476, Florence The Florentine Chancellery thanks Francesco Vino, its ambassador in Venice, for the correspondence regarding the Ottomans.

180. (Uncertain) October 5, 1476, Florence The Florentine Chancellery sends instructions to Francesco Vino, its ambassador in Venice, regarding an audience with the Doge of Venice.

181. January 10, 1477, Venice The Venetian Senate orders Gabriel Bertucio, its envoy at the royal court in Buda, to send congratulations to King Matthias Corvinus for the victorious campaign in Wallachia.

182. January 10, 1477, Venice The Venetian Senate repeats the instructions from the previous letter to Gabriel Bertucio, its envoy at the royal court in Buda, and orders him to send 200 ducats to Emanuele Gerardo.

183. January 29, 1477, Venice The Venetian Senate confirms to Jacopo di Mezzo, its envoy to the Roman Curia, the successes in the fight against the Ottomans on the Danube, as well as in Wallachia.

______________________ And this is it for the volume I,1 and I,2. If you are curious about the content of those chronicle/letters (+Other hunadreds of things that are inside) buy the books which can be found in Romanian and Dutch only as of now. Also don't forget to follow Corpus Draculianum on Youtube: