#transvaginal

Ectopic pregnancy:

A transvaginal ultrasound is the most important diagnostic tool for an ectopic pregnancy. Adnexal complex or simple cyst with ring of fire appearance with colour doppler is the most specific feature. Presence of free fluid in pouch of douglas indicates rupture of ectopic pregnancy. Live extra uterine pregnancy with demonstrable cardiac activity is 100% specific of ectopic pregnancy. Empty uterine cavity with thick endometrium also corroborates with the diagnosis. Rare presence of pseudo-gestational sac and heterotopic pregnancy will pose challenges in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Expertise and caution are both required while doing early pregnancy scan for evaluation and diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Simple ovarian cyst:

Ovarian cyst especially simple cyst are sometimes incidental findings during a routine ultrasonography. Transvaginal ultrasonography is the gold standard for assessment of ovarian cysts. Round or oval cyst with smooth thin walls suggests a simple ovarian cyst. Follicular cysts, Corpus luteal cysts and theca lutein cysts are some of the simple ovarian cysts commonly noted in women of reproductive age. Follow up requires serial transvaginal ultrasonography. Competent and diligent ultrasonography is all that is required for thorough evaluation of simple ovarian cyst.

Complex ovarian cyst:

Ectopic pregnancy:

A transvaginal ultrasound is the most important diagnostic tool for an ectopic pregnancy. Adnexal complex or simple cyst with ring of fire appearance with colour doppler is the most specific feature. Presence of free fluid in pouch of douglas indicates rupture of ectopic pregnancy. Live extra uterine pregnancy with demonstrable cardiac activity is 100% specific of ectopic pregnancy. Empty uterine cavity with thick endometrium also corroborates with the diagnosis. Rare presence of pseudo-gestational sac and heterotopic pregnancy will pose challenges in diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. Expertise and caution are both required while doing early pregnancy scan for evaluation and diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

Simple ovarian cyst:

Ovarian cyst especially simple cyst are sometimes incidental findings during a routine ultrasonography. Transvaginal ultrasonography is the gold standard for assessment of ovarian cysts. Round or oval cyst with smooth thin walls suggests a simple ovarian cyst. Follicular cysts, Corpus luteal cysts and theca lutein cysts are some of the simple ovarian cysts commonly noted in women of reproductive age. Follow up requires serial transvaginal ultrasonography. Competent and diligent ultrasonography is all that is required for thorough evaluation of simple ovarian cyst.

Complex ovarian cyst:

INTRODUCTION Routine ultrasound examination is an established part of antenatal care if resources are available and access possible. In general, the main goal of a fetal ultrasound scan is to provide accurate information which will facilitate the delivery of optimized antenatal care with the best possible outcomes for mother and fetus. The presence of a new life healthily growing inside you is monitored via an early pregnancy scan also called the viability or dating scan. Purpose of early pregnancy ultrasound scan? Early pregnancy scans  are done to confirm a pregnancy and is performed between 6-11 weeks of gestation. Individuals who perform obstetric scans routinely should have specialized training that is appropriate to the practice of diagnostic ultrasound for pregnant women. Before starting the examination, a healthcare provider should counsel the woman/couple regarding the potential benefits and limitations of the first‐trimester ultrasound scan.

Details of the Dating Scan: •        to check the baby is growing in the right place, by ruling out ectopic pregnancy. •        to confirm the presence of your baby’s heartbeat. •        an accurate way of predicting your due date and confirming the gestation. •        to check whether you are expecting more than one baby. •        in case of multiple pregnancies, to assess chorionicity and amnionicity. •        to check your baby’s growth and development. •        to check the pelvic  organs. •        to check presence of any internal bleeding Also gynecological pathologies may be detected during any first‐trimester scan. Abnormalities of uterine shape, such as uterine septa and bicornuate uteri, should be described. The adnexa should be surveyed for abnormalities and masses.

Is prenatal ultrasonography safe during the first trimester? Fetal exposure times should be minimized, using the shortest scan times and lowest possible power output needed to obtain diagnostic information using the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle.

How are Early Pregnancy Scans done?

An early pregnancy scan can be done either transabdominally or transvaginally. Transabdominal early pregnancy scans are performed at 7-11 weeks of pregnancy and are done over the tummy. Commonly these are known as ultrasound scans and is carried out by one of the highly qualified professionals (sonographer) in the hospital.

During the process, the sonographer will ask you to drink a glass of water for a good view of your baby (as bladder helps the ultrasound echoes to reach your womb) and lie on the bed. Then some gel will be applied on your tummy and move a hand-held device (transducer) over the abdominal skin to pick up images of the baby. If the images are not clear, then the sonographer will ask you to go for a transvaginal scan.

During the transvaginal scan, the sonographer places a vaginal transducer comfortably inside your vagina (after lubricating this with plenty of gel). Once the transducer is inside, sound waves bounce off the internal organs and transmit pictures of your pelvis (inside of it) onto a monitor.

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Tenga cuidado con las mujeres recién lesionadas

Los abogados inscriben a las mujeres con lesiones de malla transvaginal con la expectativa de que los fabricantes ubicarán a los lesionados en "Nivel similar" compensación. Los abogados de mujeres recién lesionadas deben tener un acuerdo de peaje o presentar su caso en un tribunal estatal o un tribunal federal donde haya jurisdicción ”. – Dr. Greg VignaSANTA BARBARA, CALIFORNIA, ESTADOS UNIDOS, 17…