Introduction:

The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating various bodily functions. When it malfunctions, it can lead to thyroid disorders. In this blog post, we will explore the common symptoms of thyroid disorders and discuss the available treatment options to manage this condition effectively.

1. Understanding Thyroid Disorders:

The thyroid gland produces hormones that control metabolism, energy levels, and growth. Thyroid disorders can manifest in two main forms: hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Hypothyroidism occurs when the gland does not produce enough hormones, while hyperthyroidism results from excessive hormone production.

2. Common Symptoms of Thyroid Disorders:

Fatigue and weakness

Weight changes

Mood swings and irritability

Hair loss

Temperature sensitivity

3. Diagnosis and Testing:

Accurate diagnosis of thyroid disorders involves comprehensive medical testing, including blood tests to measure hormone levels and thyroid imaging. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and interpretation of the test results.

4. Treatment Options for Thyroid Disorders:

Treatment for thyroid disorders depends on the specific condition and its severity. Common treatment options include:

Medication: Synthetic hormones to replace or regulate thyroid function.

Radioactive iodine therapy: Used to reduce the activity of an overactive thyroid.

Surgery: Removal of part or all of the thyroid gland in certain cases.

5. Lifestyle Modifications for Managing Thyroid Disorders:

In addition to medical interventions, certain lifestyle modifications can help manage thyroid disorders effectively. These include:

Balanced diet: Focus on foods rich in iodine, selenium, and zinc.

Regular exercise: Promotes overall well-being and helps regulate metabolism.

Stress management: Stress reduction techniques such as meditation and yoga.

Sufficient sleep: Aim for 7-9 hours of quality sleep per night.

Conclusion:

Thyroid disorders can significantly impact an individual's quality of life, but with early recognition and appropriate treatment, they can be effectively managed. By understanding the symptoms and exploring the available treatment options, individuals can take proactive steps toward maintaining their thyroid health. Remember to consult a healthcare professional for personalized advice and guidance.

Part 4 (last part)

In this chapter we're going to talk about:

1. Thyroid Hormones.

2. Insulin & Glucagon.

Thyroid Hormones:

T4 or Thyroxine

T3 or Triiodothyronine

Calcitonin.

T4 & T3 :

T4 and T3 are tyrosine based hormones. Produced by the follicular cells (thyrocytes).

Synthesis:

Iodide (I-) is taken from the bloodstream by follicular cells to the colloid where it gets oxidized to iodine (I) then it combines with thyroglobulin to form MIT (monoiodotyrosine) and DIT (diiodotyrosine) .

Two DIT molecules combine to form T4 while MIT & DIT combine to form T3.

Iodinated thyroglobulin is transported back to the follicular cells and is cleaved by lysosomes.

T4 & T3 are then released into the circulation through MCT transporter.

Regulation:

TRH ➡ TSH ➡ THYROID ➡T4 & T3

➡ By:

⏫Iodide pumping

⏫ Iodination

⏫Thyroglobulin synthesis.

⏫ release of thyroid hormone.

T4 & T3 bind in the plasma to plasma proteins such as:

TBG or Thyroxine binding globulin

Albumin

Transthyretin.

The bound form is the inactive form. While free T3 & T4 form the active form that works on cells.

Note that inside the cell T4 is coverted to T3 by 5-Iodinase.

Effects:

⏫ Basal metabolic rate.

⏫Activation of sympathetic nervous system.

⏫long bone growth

⏫Hair follicle growth

Regulation of body temperature & weight.

Brain development.

Insulin:

Is a peptide hormone produced and secreted by Beta cells which are cells in the islets of langerhans

Synthesis:

Single polypeptide (preproinsulin) ➡ proinsulin (which has 3 chains : peptide A, peptide B and peptide C in between.

Proinsulin gets cleaved on two positions leaving the C chain alone (AWW :-( )

Two disulfide bonds connect The B chain and the A chain to form INSULIN

Effects:

⏬⏬ Blood sugar levels.

How :

In the liver:

Activates the formation of glycogen

(glucose ➡ glycogen)

In adipose tissue:

Activates glycolysis

In skeletal muscles :

stimulates amino acids and glucose uptake into muscle cells ➡ protein production and muscle growth.

Inhibites:

▶ Gluconeogenesis

▶ lipolysis.

Glucagon:

A hormone produced by alpha cells which are cells in the islets of langerhans.

Works by ⏫⏫ blood suger ▶ in situations like: fasting.

And it does that by:

▶ activation of gluconeogenesis & glycogenolysis

▶ activation of lipolysis.

Glucagon is a catabolic hormone which means it promotes the breaking down of large storage molecules inside certain tissues into small energy molecules in the blood.

Glucagon stimulators:

▶ low blood suger

▶ adrenaline

▶ cholecystokinin

Glucagon inhibitors:

▶ high blood sugar

▶ somatostatin

▶GH

Part 1

Part 2

Part 3

🌸- 🌸-🌸-🌸-🌸-🌸-🌸-🌸-🌸

Hello 🌸🍃

With this we're done with a good part of endocrine physiology!Next, we're going to start with clinical cases and diseases related to the endocrine system (aka we're gonna get serious SERIOUS xD) I hope you find this helpful in reviewing or studying ☺

Thank you so much🌸🍃

The planets and the fixed stars are used in medical astrology. The fixed stars denote specific parts of the body, and are activated when in conjunction to the Sun, Moon or planets in the natal chart. The Sun, Moon and planets are using in two ways. Firstly, their positions in the natal chart denotes general areas, systems and functions of the body. Secondly, in both natal charts and in transit, the Sun, Moon and planets have a physiological effect on the natal positions.

It is also worth looking at the position of asteroid Hygeia in your natal chart and in transit. This asteroid of health made many conjunctions in my chart when I was battling cancer, each step of the way, from diagnosis to til the all-clear.

The Planets in Medical Astrology

THE SUN rules the pituitary gland, heart, spine, and general vitality. The Sun, new moons and solar eclipses can cause heart and spinal complaints.

THE MOON rules the hypothalamus, stomach, digestive system, body fluids, female organs, and the lymphatic system. The Moon, full moons and lunar eclipses can cause menstruation problems and fluid retention.

MERCURY rules the brain, central nervous system, tubing of the body, the five senses, and the hands. Mercury can cause nervous, speech or respiratory disorders.

VENUS rules the thymus gland, testes and ovaries, hormones in general, the throat, kidneys, and sense of touch. Venus can cause urinary disease and sugar imbalance.

MARS rules the adrenal glands, iron in the blood, muscles, head, and senses of smell and taste. Mars can cause injuries, cut, blows, bruising, burns, inflammation and fever, and acute diseases.

JUPITER rules the thyroid gland, liver, thighs, feet, growth and cancer. Jupiter can cause liver disorders and obesity.

SATURN rules the parathyroid glands, skin, hair, teeth, bones, the body’s defenses, and the spleen. Saturn can cause restriction of vessels and nerves, lethargy, narcolepsy, chronic diseases, and can slow growth of cancer. Saturn is cold and dry.

URANUS rules the amygdala, neural activity, and aura. Uranus is related to ADHD, Aspergers and similar syndromes, it can cause spasms, seizures, accidents and nervous disorders, sudden illnesses, and electrocution.

NEPTUNE rules the pineal gland, endocrine system, psychic healing, and infection. Neptune can cause weakness, disease in general, and especially contagious infections, addictions, poisoning, sensitivity, immune diseases and misdiagnosis.

PLUTO rules the pancreas, metabolism, elimination, cell death and genetics. Pluto can cause compulsions, genetic disorder, amputations.

Iodine is a fascinating mineral. 

Thyroid gland 😷

Illnesses of this gland are very serious problem nowadays

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