#taxonomy hell

vampire squids are cephalopods in the family vampyroteuthis

they are the only extant species in this family, but there are 3 extinct genera in this family. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790307001698)

despite the name, vampire squid are more closely related to octopi than squid, this is due to their 8 arms, placing them in the superorder Octopodiformes, instead of Decapodiformes (the squid and cuttlefish)

it was discovered in the late 1890s, and described later in 1903.

lichen = fungus + {algae, cyanobacteria}

lichens are identified by their fungi, not their algae

lichen taxonomy is... aaaaaaaaa

Formerly, some lichen taxonomists placed lichens in their own division, the Mycophycophyta, but this practice is no longer accepted because the components belong to separate lineages. Neither the ascolichens nor the basidiolichens form monophyletic lineages in their respective fungal phyla, but they do form several major solely or primarily lichen-forming groups within each phylum. (Wikipedia)

taxonomy hell