Neolithic Star Shaped Mace Head, found near Laurencekirk, Montrose Museum, Angus

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Neolithic Star Shaped Mace Head, found near Laurencekirk, Montrose Museum, Angus

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Flint handaxe, dated to between 500,000 and 180,000 years ago (Lower Paleolithic). The axe belongs to the Acheulean lithic culture, associated with early hominins such as Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis. Acheulean handaxes have been found at sites such as Boxgrove in southern England, as well as roughly contemporary sites in Africa; they were ultimately supplanted by the more sophisticated Levallois stone tools of the Mousterian culture associated with the Neanderthals.
This handaxe was found in Hampshire, England, UK. It is now in the British Museum.
Photo credit: The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum | Wikimedia Commons | Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International
Yes, Moist thought, there would be changes. You'd still find horses in town and Iron Girder couldn't plough, although for a certainty Mr. Simnel could make her do so. "Some people will lose out and others will benefit, but hasn't that been happening since the dawn of time?" he said out loud. "After all, at the beginning there was the man who could make stone tools, and then along came the man who made bronze and so the first man had to either learn to make bronze too, or get into a different line of work completely. And the man who could work bronze would be put out of work by the man who could work iron. And just as that man was congratulating himself for being a smarty-pants, along came the man who made steel. It's like a sort of dance, where no one dares stop because if you did stop you'd be left behind. But isn't that just the world in a nutshell?"
Terry Pratchett, Raising Steam
The handcrafted tools found in Tanzania were made 1.5 million years ago and were fashioned primarily from the bones of elephants and hippopo
Early humans used animal bones to craft tools — more than a million years earlier than scientists previously thought, according to new research published this week. A group of researchers from the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and Indiana University made the discovery in East Africa. Ignacio de la Torre, co-director of the excavation and a CSIC researcher, says the bone tools are from the Acheulean period, which is known as the age of the hand axes — tear-shaped tools with a sharp point made from stone. "Now, we have a human species here that is able to innovate, to create an innovation by applying a knowledge they know they have or the working of stone," de la Torre tells NPR.
Continue Reading.
Early humans crossed Philippine seas 40,000 years ago, building coastal networks, fishing offshore, and developing maritime skills.

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So fact about me. I've been practicing flintknapping aka stone tool making. Ever since I've started my path in archaeology, I already how stone tools help hominins.
5. Hand Servants
Stone Tools: Lomekwi
Source: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/oldest-known-stone-tools-unearthed-kenya-180955341/
Found on the west bank of Turkana Lake in Kenya, Lomekwi is a site where artifacts dating back 3,300,000 years ago in 2011. This pushed back the earliest known tool making about 700,000 years than previously known. At that time, this site would have been near a river and now a ravine that was discovered when 'the survey team took a wrong turn and ended up at a site now called Lomekwi 3' where they saw 'what was normally hidden by the sediment', that being 'a series of strange stones sticking out of the sediment'. There they found 149 artifacts that based on the alignment of magnetic minerals and the volcanic ash around the rocks are the oldest stone tools yet found.
Source: https://geology.rutgers.edu/images/Publications_PDFS/Harmand_et_al_2015_short.pdf
These stone tools are relatively large, with the largest weighing 15 kg and might have been used as an anvil with others that had deliberate chips knocked off them. The researchers then sought to understand how the tools would have been created and were able to recreate them in two ways: by setting the stone on a flat rock and using a hammer rock to chip away at it, or by holding the stone with both hands and hitting it against the flat base rock. Either way, the researchers said '[i]t's very rudimentary', not requiring the dexterity of later cultures but also showing clear intent and deliberate action to make them.
Source: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/crafty-bonobo-shows-humans-arent-the-only-stone-tool-makers-32525182/?no-ist
Researchers aren't certain which hominin developed these techniques is uncertain, though it is known from observations that 'chimpanzees use rocks as hammers or anvils on their own or in the wild, and, with a little guidance, bonobos are capable of creating stone tools', pushing back against the idea that only the genus Homo is capable of tool use and making. Researchers aren't certain which hominin that was alive at the time made the tools, though Australopithecus afarensis was in the area at the time these tools were made and A africanus seems to have had a strong enough grip for tool usage, though Kenyanthropus platyops were also around this area and would have been alive at that time. The creation of these tools also indicate a 'reorganization and/or expansion of several regions of the cerebral cortex (for example, somatosensory, visual, premotor and motor cortex), cerebellum, and of the spinal tract could have occurred before 3.3 Ma [million years ago]', as well as an 'understanding of stone fracture mechanics and and grammars of action is clearly less developed than that reflected in early Oldowan assemblages and neither were they predominantly using free-hand techniques. The LOM3 [Lomekwi 3 site] assemblages could represent a technological stage between a hypothetical pounding-oriented stone tool use by an earlier hominin and the flaking-oriented knapping behaviour of later, Oldowan toolmakers'.