#sorghum

Try sorghum flour.

It's extremely tasty. It has a flavour I actually like more than in wheat yet vaguely reminds me of whole grain wheat flour in its own way. Nicely balanced in terms of moisture content and starch and ability to absorb moisture. It makes it very nice for structure when a leavening is being used and results in tender and/or fluffy crumb. I love it in both sweet and savory baking for anything cake cookie or bread like.

I want to try it in crusts and pastries sometime too but it might be a little too strong in a whole grain flavour sort of way for that. But I won't know until I try!

— By Laura Paddison | June 18, 2025

Storm clouds build above a corn field on August 27, 2024, near Platte City, Missouri. A new study finds US maize yields could plummet as the world warms, even as farmer adapt to climate change. Charlie Riedel/AP

Rising global temperatures are set to devastate food crops across the world, with particularly alarming impacts projected for the United States, where production of key crops could plummet 50% by the end of the century, according to a sweeping new analysis.

Of the many impacts of the fossil fuel-driven climate crisis, damage to the global food system is one of the most terrifying. But the overall impact of climate change on crops — and how much it can be offset by farmers’ adaptations — has been hard to establish and hotly debated.

The new analysis, eight years in the making, is “the first attempt to really tackle both of those problems,” said Solomon Hsiang, a study author and professor of global environmental policy at the Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability.

The scientists analyzed six crops — maize, soybeans, rice, wheat, cassava and sorghum — in more than 12,000 regions across 54 countries. Together, these crops provide more than two thirds of humanity’s calories.

They also measured how real-world farmers are adapting to climate change, from changing crop varieties to adjusting irrigation, to calculate the overall impact of global warming.

Their findings are stark. Every 1 degree Celsius the world warms above pre-industrial levels will drag down global food production by an average of 120 calories per person per day, according to the study, published Wednesday in Nature.

This will push up prices and make it harder for people to access food, Hsiang said.

“If the climate warms by 3 degrees, that’s basically like everyone on the planet giving up breakfast,” he said. The world is currently on track for around 3 degrees Celsius of warming by the end of the century.

Wheat, soy and maize — high value crops for a lot of the world — will be especially badly affected, the study found.

If humans keep burning large amounts of fossil fuels, maize production could fall by 40% in the grain belt of the US, eastern China, central Asia, southern Africa and the Middle East; wheat production could fall by 40% in the US, China, Russia and Canada; and soybean yields could fall 50% in the US.

The only staple crop that might be able to avoid substantial losses is rice, which can benefit from warmer nighttime temperatures.

Climate Change Threatens Global Food Supply

Most of the world’s staple food crops are projected to suffer substantial production losses by the end of the century as global temperatures rise, even with farmers’ efforts to adapt to climate change, according to a new study.

Note: Data refects estimates in a high-emissions scenario. Source: Hultgren et al., Nature, 2025. “Impacts of climate change on global agriculture accounting for adaptation.” Graphic: Matt Stiles, CNN

One of the striking findings of the study is that some of the wealthiest countries are likely to be hardest hit.

Poorer parts of the world, where climate conditions are already fairly harsh, tend to be more adapted and better prepared for the impacts of the climate crisis, Hsiang said. Agricultural systems in breadbaskets such as the US and parts of Europe, however, are optimized for the current temperate climate, he said.

Global warming will be particularly devastating for the US, where it’s projected to reduce yields by 40% to 50% for all staple crops except rice, Hsiang said.

“Places in the Midwest that are really well suited for present day corn and soybean production just get hammered under a high warming future,” said study author Andrew Hultgren, an assistant professor of agricultural and consumer economics at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. “You do start to wonder if the Corn Belt is going to be the Corn Belt in the future.”

Lower-income countries won’t escape effects, however. Yields of the subsistence crop cassava will fall in sub-Saharan Africa as the world heats up, a substantial threat to nutrition for some of the world’s poorest people, the study found. “One reason people grow cassava is because it’s pretty robust to droughts, but we see that it is actually still very adversely affected by extreme heat conditions,” Hsiang said.

Cattle rancher Brad Randel walks through his drought-stricken cornfield on September 12, 2022 in McCook, Nebraska. Ricky Carioti/The Washington Post/Getty Images

Shelby McClelland, a researcher specializing in climate change and agriculture at New York University who was not involved in the research, said the study reveals the importance of adaptation but also its limits. “The authors show that current adaptation decision-making is insufficient to ensure future food security,” she told CNN.

Erin Coughlan de Perez, an associate professor at Tufts University who specializes in climate risk management, said one of the study’s limitations is that it does not take into account two major climate adaptations: crop switching or changes to planting dates. In the US, for example, corn and soybean crops have moved northward. These changes could offset more climate impacts, she told CNN.

Ultimately, the findings add to a long list of alarming research about the global food system, said Tim Lang, professor emeritus of food policy at City St George’s, University of London.

“The data pile up. The politicians turn a blind eye… Land use is not altering fast or radically enough. Some pioneers do their best. But the net effect is that the global wriggle room diminishes,” he told CNN.

Hsiang hopes the study will provide more evidence for the urgent need to transform the energy system and the high costs of failing to doing so.

How Ivuna women farmers are transforming their lives through seed production

In Ivuna Village, Tanzania, a determined group of women leveraged Vikoba loans, mentorship, and improved sorghum seeds to transform their livelihoods, boost household incomes, and inspire others in their community

By Florian Ndyamukama February 4, 2025

“Five of us borrowed $100 from our Vikoba group and invested it in seed production. Not only did we repay the loan with interest, but we also made a profit,” says Skola Sichalwe, a member of an extraordinary group of women who are transforming their community in Ivuna Village, Momba District. Vikoba groups, grassroots savings and credit associations, operate as informal microfinance systems in rural communities, empowering members with access to small loans and promoting financial independence. These groups often provide a lifeline for women seeking financial stability and growth in rural areas. What began as small savings groups has blossomed into a powerful movement of women breaking barriers and creating a legacy of resilience, innovation, and success. These women—once skeptical about venturing into seed production—are now thriving entrepreneurs, producing quality sorghum seeds and inspiring others in their community to follow their lead. Their journey began with a chance encounter with Miss Zainab Hussein, a passionate seed producer and a youth champion. Her vision and mentorship planted the first seeds of change. “I used to think farming was just about survival,” says Pauline Martin. “But Zainab showed us that with the right knowledge and tools, farming can be a business; a way to change our lives.”

A leap of faith in seed production

Before venturing into the world of seed production, these women were members of Vikoba groups, pooling their savings to lend and borrow money. While this system was helpful for meeting immediate financial needs, it offered little opportunity for growth or long-term investment. Everything changed when Zainab Hussein, an experienced seed producer and youth champion, began attending their meetings. Zainab introduced the group to the potential of improved seeds and the opportunities in seed production. She explained how adopting high-quality sorghum seeds could significantly increase yields and profits, far exceeding the returns from what traditional grain farming could offer. Her visits became a game changer, sparking curiosity and inspiring action among the women. “Zainab’s dedication inspired us,” says Skola Sichalwe. “She didn’t just train us. She believed in us.” As a trainer, mentor, and role model, Zainab played a central role in their transformation. She guided the women through the complexities of seed production, teaching them essential planting techniques, helping them understand TOSCI regulations, and offering practical solutions to challenges they encountered along the way. “She showed us how seed production could not only improve yields but also become a profitable business,” recalls Pauline Martin.

Zainab Hussein, a passionate seed producer and mentor whose guidance and leadership inspired the women to venture into successful seed production and transform their lives. (Photo: CBCC)