#socialstudies

Using Social Norms to Change Behaviour

Social norms are the unwritten rules and assumptions that guide our behaviour. Norms tell us what is acceptable and unacceptable

Descriptive norms are the observations and expectations of what everybody else does, and how to best fit in with the crowd

Injunctive norms are the moral ideals of what we ought to do, especially to get approval from people closest to us, such as friends and family

Social science can encourage people to do the right thing. Across industry, transport, justice, and other sectors, social norms empower people to help others, and seek support.

Social Science for Safety

I led the research team in a State Inquiry. We examined compliance with environmental health and safety laws. We also evaluated decisions, guidelines, and actions over the past 30 years.

I used social science theory to map our legal requirements into an analysis framework. I also used social science methods to set up our databases and carry out thematic analysis of 300 interviews, and content analysis of 30,000 documents.

How to Stop Panic Buying

During the petrol shortages in early 2026, some people panicked and stockpiled fuel, further driving up prices and depleting resources from regional areas and vital sectors. Ongoing political instability may lead to similar issues in the heart future. Individual deviance does not explain panic buying. Instead, structural issues and biases play a bigger role.

Social science studies stopped people panic buying during the COVID-19 pandemic, using a theory of planned behaviour, social norms, and morality messages.

Similar communications may stop petrol hoarding, and other panic buying in future.

Key findings:

Blaming individuals doesn’t help

Poor policy planning has a bigger impact

Fear of loss is a big motivator

Misinformation feeds fear

Panic buying is an attempt to exert control, especially amongst older people, and those who describe themselves as conscientious and well-organised

Two sets of social science studies significantly decreased hoarding during COVID-19. These interventions may stop panic buying during the current petrol crisis

The first study reduces hoarding by personalising the risk (put yourself in the shoes of those who miss out) The second study appeals to morals (vulnerable people will miss out)

Social Science for Emergency Planning

Ethics of Artificial Intelligence in Qualitative Research

In December 2025, Tanisha Jowsey (social scientist in medical education), Virginia Braun (psychologist), Victoria Clarke (psychologist), Deborah Lupton (sociologist), and Michelle Fine (psychologist) published a letter signed by 419 qualitative researchers from 32 countries. These experts reject the use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) for reflexive thematic research. This includes interviews, focus groups, and other phenomenological methods. The researchers give three primary reasons.

GenAI lacks understanding of human meaning, which is the central focus of qualitative methods.

Interpretations of social data require humanity.

GenAI has been developed through exploitative measures.

Elsewhere, I have published my own research on the methodological and ethical issues with generative AI. I have shown that this technology is flawed and has a high rate of error.

Looking for a fun way to expand your child's vocabulary and understanding of the world?

Our Community & Careers Flashcards are designed to do just that! With 45 unique occupations, children will learn about different job roles, the tools they use, where they work, and fascinating fun facts.

These printable cards are a fantastic resource for developing social studies skills, encouraging discussion, and sparking an interest in various professions.