Bulletproof Hosting Services: Cybercriminal Hideouts for Lease
There are many facets to a cybercriminal operation, and one of them that is often overlooked—but is no less significant—is the hosting servers from which they launch their attacks. Commonly known in the industry as Bulletproof Servers, these are hardware-, software- or application-based hosting facilities that can store any type of content and executable code, just like any regular hosting service. What makes them different?
These types of servers can be used to host malicious content, such as phishing sites, pornography, fake shopping and carding sites, and even command-and-control (C&C) infrastructure. In short, it’s the foundation by which major cybercriminal operations are built upon.
This latest research aims to bring these hosting services to the public eye, offering a look into the more
obscure details of cybercrime. Specifically, it seeks to answer the following questions:
1.What malicious content is most commonly hosted with these services
What are the business models being used by Bulletproof Servers providers
2.How Bulletproof Servers providers stay in business
3.How much do Bulletproof Servers services cost for the common cybercriminal
Through extensive research, we are able to provide the following answers:
1.The most common malicious content hosted on Bulletproof Servers consist of fake shopping sites, torrent
file download sites, Blackhat SEO pseudo-sites, brute force tools, C&C components and more.
2.Bulletproof Servers providers’ business models consist of three models:
a.) the dedicated bulletproof server model, in which the provider knowingly hosts malicious content; b.) the
compromised dedicated server, where the provider compromises dedicated legitimate servers and rents
them out to malicious parties, and c.) abused cloud-hosting services, where legitimate service providers are
Besides hosting malicious content, The providers also earn revenue from other services, such as technical
support, infrastructure migration, protection against DDoS attacks and more. Just like a legitimate server
hosting practice, they provide supplementary services for their clients.
The price of a hosting server depends on which business model the provider is using as well as the duration
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