The sequence of events in receiving the Torah at Sinai.
1 -4 Sivan: Israelites arrive at the Desert of Sinai. Moses briefly goes up the mountain where God tells him the Israelites are to be a “kingdom of priests and a holy nation.” Moses goes down and relates this to the people. The people reply: “We will do everything the Lord has said. Moses brings their answer back to God. -Exodus 19:1-7.
God tells Moses the people must consecrate themselves.
5 Sivan: Moses builds an altar at the foot of the mountain, sets up twelve pillars representing the tribes of Israel and reads Sefer HaBrit (the Book of the Covenant) to the people. The people reiterate their commitment, stating: “All that God has spoken we will do and we will hear.” -Exodus 24:4-7.
On Shavuot, 6 Sivan, God spoke the Ten Commandments to Moses and the Children of Israel. -Exodus 20.
God tells Moses to go up the mountain to receive the tablets of stone with the Ten Commandments that God Himself had written. God also gives Moses the core covenant laws. -Exodus 24 to Exodus 30.
40 days later, on the 17th Tammuz, Moses comes back down the mountain, sees the Golden Calf and smashes the tablets.
40 days later, on Yom Kippur, the Children of Israel finally receive the new tablets with the Commandments.