#sciencefacts

The long wavelengths of the light spectrum—red, yellow, and orange—can penetrate to approximately 15, 30, and 50 meters (49, 98, and 164 feet), respectively, while the short wavelengths of the light spectrum—violet, blue and green—can penetrate further, to the lower limits of the euphotic zone. Blue penetrates the deepest, which is why deep, clear ocean water and some tropical water appear to be blue most of the time. Moreover, clearer waters have fewer particles to affect the transmission of light, and scattering by the water itself controls color. Water in shallow coastal areas tends to contain a greater amount of particles that scatter or absorb light wavelengths differently, which is why sea water close to shore may appear more green or brown in color.

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Water, being a liquid, takes the shape of its container. The arrangement of particles and their motion make liquids behave differently from solids and gases. 💧

In a solid, the particles are tightly packed and fixed in place. They can only vibrate slightly and cannot move freely. Because of this rigid structure, solids retain their shape no matter where they are placed. 🧊

In contrast, the particles in a liquid like water are close together but not fixed in one position. They are constantly moving and can slide over each other. This freedom of movement allows water to flow easily. When water is poured into a container, its molecules rotate and spread out until they are fixed according to the shape of the container. 🥛

Another important factor is the force of gravity. Gravity pulls water down, causing it to collect at the bottom of the container. Since the molecules can move freely, they rearrange themselves to fit the available space. This is why water forms different shapes in different containers, such as bottles, glasses, bowls, or pools. 🌍

At the same time, water molecules attract each other through weak intermolecular forces. This attraction keeps the molecules close together so that water can change shape but still maintain its volume. It is also related to surface tension, which creates the smooth surface that appears on still water. 🌊

Gas behave differently because their particles are far apart and move very freely, so gases spread out to fill the entire container. Water does not completely fill a container like gases because its molecules stay close together.

I was digging through some recent aerospace reports with my morning coffee, and I stumbled across something that genuinely left me in shock. Did you know NASA is literally planning to start a fire on the Moon?

At first glance, it sounds like a terrible sci-fi movie plot. But when I looked deeper into the upcoming FM2 mission, I realized it’s actually a brilliant—and completely necessary—physics experiment. Researchers are going to ignite fuel samples on the lunar surface to see exactly how flames behave in that specific environment.

Here is the part that really gave me chills: the Moon's 1/6th gravity creates a terrifying "sweet spot" for fire. * On Earth: Hot air rises quickly, creating convection currents that shape the flame and pull in fresh oxygen.

In Zero-G (like the ISS): Flames tend to form dome or spherical shapes and often suffocate on their own carbon dioxide.

On the Moon: The gravity is just strong enough to pull in fresh oxygen, but weak enough that the hot gases don't rise away quickly.

This means a fire in a lunar habitat could actually spread faster and burn hotter than it would right here in my living room.

As we gear up for the Artemis program and dream of permanent human settlements, this is a deadly puzzle we absolutely have to solve. We can't just pack Earth-standard fire extinguishers and hope for the best. The rules of space are incredibly brutal, and we need to understand the enemy before we send astronauts to live there long-term.

If you are as fascinated (and slightly terrified) by space physics as I am, you need to read the full breakdown I put together.

🚀 Read the deep dive here: NASA is Purposely Starting a Fire on the Lunar Surface

So, I have to ask: Knowing how aggressive a simple spark can be in lunar gravity, do you think we are underestimating the dangers of building permanent off-world habitats? Drop your thoughts in the notes below, let's debate!

Astronomers say they’ve finally seen, for the first time, evidence of a powerful wind blowing from the supermassive black hole at the centre of our Galaxy. The Milky Way’s central supermassive black hole is known as Sagittarius A*, and the team behind the study say they’ve uncovered the most detailed view yet of how the black hole interacts with and transforms its surrounding…

Your heart beats 100,000 times a day — that's roughly 35 million beats per year and 2.5 billion beats over the course of life.

With each beat, the heart pumps blood through a vast network of veins and arteries, delivering oxygen and essential nutrients to every cell while simultaneously removing carbon dioxide and waste.

In fact, in a single day, your heart pumps so much that your blood travels about 12,000 miles (19,000 km) through your body, which is twice the diameter of Earth.

And this remarkable organ functions tirelessly, acting as the engine that keeps your body running year after year on end. The sheer number of heartbeats over a lifetime is a testament to the incredible durability and resilience of this small yet powerful organ.

Reality can be more fascinating than any novel.

Did you know that there are planets where it may rain molten glass?

Or that some stars are so massive they make our Sun look tiny in comparison?

The universe is filled with mysteries that scientists are still trying to understand.

Black holes bend space and time. Neutron stars pack enormous mass into incredibly small spaces. Galaxies contain billions of stars, and there are billions of galaxies.

Every discovery answers one question and creates ten more.

That's what makes science so exciting.

The more we learn about the cosmos, the more we realize how much remains unknown.

Curiosity has driven humanity from caves to spacecraft.

Who knows what the next great discovery will be?

Perhaps someone reading this will help make it.

✨ Keep asking questions. ✨ Keep exploring. ✨ Keep learning.

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