#reflection of light

The Scientific Research Notes of S. Sunkavally, Printed Part, page.303.

Introduction:

Reflection of light is a fundamental concept in optics that explains how light bounces off surfaces. When it comes to curved surfaces like those of spherical mirrors, the behavior of reflected light leads to fascinating phenomena such as image formation, magnification, and inversion. Understanding the terms associated with spherical mirrors, such as the radius of curvature, focus, and principal axis, is essential for mastering this topic in Class 12 Physics. In this lesson, we’ll explore the intricacies of reflection by spherical mirrors and how they create different types of images.

Have you ever noticed something intriguing when you look in a mirror? Let’s try a small activity. Stand in front of a mirror and move your right hand. Now lift your left hand. Did you notice that in the mirror, the right appears as the left and vice versa? This phenomenon occurs due to the properties of mirrors. Let’s explore more about a specific type of mirror called the spherical mirror.

Spherical Mirror

Imagine you are sitting at a dining table, and you're playing with a spoon. When you look at yourself in the spoon, you might notice something funny: when the spoon is close to your face, your image appears magnified, but when you move it further away, your image becomes inverted. This happens due to the reflective properties of spherical mirrors.

To understand what's happening, let's discuss some key terms associated with spherical mirrors:

Radius of Curvature (R): The distance between the pole (P) and the center of curvature (C). It represents the radius of the sphere from which the mirror is a part.

Center of Curvature (C): This is the center of the sphere from which the mirror segment is taken. It lies on the principal axis and is at a distance equal to the radius of curvature from the pole.

Aperture: The effective diameter of the mirror, which determines the extent of the reflection of light.

Pole (P): The central point of the mirror’s surface. It serves as a reference point for measuring distances along the principal axis.

Focus (F): The point where light rays parallel to the principal axis converge after being reflected by the mirror. It lies halfway between the pole and the center of curvature.

Principal Axis: An imaginary line that passes through both the optical center (pole) and the center of curvature of the spherical mirror.

Focal Length (f): The distance between the pole and the focus. It is related to the radius of curvature by the equation f=R​/2.

Conclusion

খৈয়াম  cubic equations সম্পূর্ণ রূপে  শ্রেণিবদ্ধকরণ এবং সমাধান করতে সক্ষম হয়েছিলেন intersection এর conic sectionsব্যাবহার করে । যা তিনি ‘‘Maqalah fi al-jabra wa-al muqabalah’’ গ্রন্থে ১১০০সালের দিকে লিখেছিলেন ।

উদাহরন সস্বরূপ, নিন্মোক্ত পৃষ্ঠায় তিনি x3+cx+d=bx2  এই সমীকরণ টি সমাধান করতে intersection  এর  circleএবং  hyperbola কিভাবে ব্যাবহার করতে হয় তা দেখিয়েছেন । তিনি binomial coefficients এর একটি triangle ও  আবিষ্কার করেছিলেন ।

ইরানে এ triangle টিকে বলা হয় Khayyam triangle কিন্তু ইউরোপীয়রা এখনও এটিকে Pascal’s triangle বলে প্রচার করে যাচ্চে ।

পূর্বে মুসলিম বিজ্ঞানী আল কারাজিও এ triangle সমাধান করেছিলেন তবে তা কিছুটা ভিন্ন, কিন্তু সেটিও Pascal’s triangle নামে প্রচার করা হচ্চে । মূলত মুসলিম বিজ্ঞানীগণ একটি বিষয় নিয়ে অনেকেই  গভেষনা করেছিলেন এবং পূর্বের চাইতে অনেক  সুক্ষ ভাবে বিভিন্ন তত্ব প্রকাশ করেছিলেন ।

Maqalah fi al-jabra wa-al muqabalah এ কিতাব সর্ম্পকে আগামীতে আমরা আরও চমকপ্রদ তথ্য উপস্থাপন করবো ইনশাআল্লাহ !

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