#refinary

DP NEWS MEDIA एचपीसीएल राजस्थान रिफाइनरी राज्य के विकास के लिए महत्वपूर्णपरियोजना की यूनिट्स को जल्द पूरा करें -मुख्यमंत्री  भजनलाल शर्मा– मुख्यमंत्री को अपने बीच पाकर रिफाइनरी कार्मिकों में दिखा उत्साह–  बालोतरा/जयपुर। मुख्यमंत्री  भजनलाल शर्मा शुक्रवार को बालोतरा जिले के दौरे पर रहे जहां उन्होंने पचपदरा में एचपीसीएल राजस्थान रिफाइनरी का निरीक्षण कर समीक्षा बैठक ली। सर्वप्रथम, उन्होंने…

Summary

Turning crude oil into products to the entire population's everyday life, working to meet the growing demand for oil products in Brazil. We currently have 13 refineries, spread nationwide. Refineries production average is 1.8 million barrels of oil products per day, such as diesel, gasoline, naphtha, jet fuel, liquefied petroleum gas, and lubricants, among other substances used as feedstock for many other products.

Oil refining process The oil refining process is the main activity of downstream oil and gas companies. For the conversion to take place, crude oil is heated and introduced into the distillation tower. 

Distillation units and fractions

Heavy fractions are on the bottom, and light fractions are on the top. The lightest fractions, including gasoline and LPG (liquid petroleum gas), vaporize and rise to the top of the distillation tower, where they condense back to liquids. Medium weight liquids, including kerosene and diesel oil distillates, stay in the middle of the distillation tower. Heavier liquids, called gas oils, separate lower down in the distillation tower, while the heaviest fractions with the highest boiling points settle at the bottom of the tower.”

What to expect from this series This series will provide you a complete overview of the refining industry as well as a quick snapshot of downstream sector stocks in the US. Specifically, we’ll examine the effect of industry-wide parameters, such as demand and prices of refined products, on refiners’ profitability. We’ll also discuss the impact of company-level parameters like utilization rates, refining complexity, and yields on refining margins and profitability. We’ll look at how refining stocks correlate with cracks, as well as how changing premiums and discounts between distillate and gasoline cracks affect the interplay between refined product inventories and cracks.

Refining capacities in Europe and the US Europe and Eurasia contribute 24% of the world’s refining capacity, and Russia is the largest capacity contributor to the region, accounting for 7% of global refining capacity. The remaining capacities are scattered around in the area. Larger integrated energy players like ExxonMobil (XOM) and BP (BP) have refining capacities worldwide. 

Summary

Edible oil refinery industries are facing the biggest challenges and opportunities in decades. To stay competitive, refinery suppliers should bring more expediency in the refining of edible oil while achieving production goals.

1. Desalting and dewatering 

The desalting process removes salt and other contaminants because they can be corrosive to the refining pipes. Then, water is removed before it is sent to distillation stage.

2. Atmospheric distillation

Molecules of crude oil are separated using distillation based on their molecular weights. The crude oil is heated in a tank with different temperatures at different heights. First, the oil is heated at the bottom of the tank with a temperature of 350-400 C, causing lighter molecules to vaporize.

3. Conversion

Gasoline and the group of products called middle distillates are the finished products with the highest demands. However, the separation process still yields heavy distillates. Therefore, the heavy molecules need to go through conversion, which is then divided into 3 types: cracking, combining, and modifying. Cracking is the most common type, which involves breaking large molecules into smaller ones. It may use heat (thermal cracking) or fluid (such as hydrogen) and also the catalyst to speed up the process.

4. Treating 

Treating is the process of removing substances that are corrosive or air polluting, especially sulfur and nitrogen. The most common method is hydroprocessing, where these substances are reacted with hydrogen at very high pressure and high temperature.

5. Blending 

Market demands on low cost, high octane fuelled to a process called blending. In this process, high octane components are blended with lower octane to produce various blendstocks with different selling prices.

6. Deodorization

In the deodorization process, the edible oil goes through the high-temperature, high-vacuum steam distillation process to remove odoriferous and volatile materials. The deodorization process plays an important role in removing off-flavors from edible oil. It also removes free fatty acids (non-sterified) that are not removed by the early stages of the refining process. Over the years, the deodorization process has greatly improved and has made the oil refining process more efficient leading to lower operating costs, high refined oil yield and better valorization of side streams.

7. Winterization

Also known as dewaxing of edible oils, the winterization process refers to a thermo-mechanical process in which solid particles in the edible oil are crystallized under controlled climatic conditions.  The next refining stage is a mechanical separation of the crystals.  The dewaxing process is recommended for edible oils that show turbid characteristics below 5 degrees Celsius.  Some of the edible oils that are put through the winterization process are cotton and sunflower seed oil.

Conclusion

Nigeria’s first gold refinery under way, to create 500,000 jobs

The construction of Nigeria’s first gold refinery has commenced in Mowe, Ogun state.

According to Bloomberg, the refinery, which is being constructed by Kian Smith Trade & Co Ltd., is scheduled for completion in June 2019.

Speaking at the ground-breaking ceremony on Thursday, December 13, 2018, the Minister of State for Mines and Steel Development Hon. Abubakar Bawa Bwari said President Buhari’s…

FG: We’ve no money to fix our refineries

The Minister of State for Petroleum Resources, Ibe Kachikwu, said no money to fix the nation’s refineries.

He disclosed this on Wednesday while briefing State House correspondents after the cabinet meeting presided over by Vice President Yemi Osinbajo.

The minister stated that he had given all the guidance required to fix the refineries.

He said the government had to raise money through a…