Artificial reefs have been around in Hawai’i since the 1960s. Historically, these reefs have been constructed of an interesting variety of items, including cars, concrete pipes, tires, barges, sunken ships, and concrete rubble.Â
However, because these artificial reefs are usually made from materials foreign to natural reefs, they often have stability issues; lack the much needed surface area for marine life to flourish; and don’t provide the number or sizes of cracks, holes, and caves present on a natural reef.
Read more here:Â http://www.oceanit.com/news/oceanits-engineered-reef-units-are-addressing-climate-change-resilience














