Unconventional Discovery

Greater understanding of how cell molecules interact – the conjunction of ligands and their receptors – to bring about activation of their function. This study in fruit flies reveals an unconventional mechanism for TNF receptor binding its ligands

Read the published research paper here

Image from work by Annalisa Letizia and colleagues

Department of Cells and Tissues. Institut de Biologia Molecular de Barcelona, IBMB-CSIC. Parc Científic de Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, Barcelona, Spain

Image originally published with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)

Published in Nature Communications, September 2023

Nicotinic = ionotropic 

Muscarinic = Metabotropic

just think nicotinic is used where speed is crucial, like the neuromuscular junction. 

Muscarinic will be found where amplification is important, like sweat glands and a lot of CNS applications. Also know that CNS also has nicotinic, which is why people use tobacco 

(think about the SPEED of the tobacco high and how fast it hits 🚬💨)

A dog's sense of smell is 100,000 times stronger than a human's. Bloodhounds have ~300 million scent receptors while beagles and German shepherds both have ~225 million. In comparison, humans only have about 5 million.– WTF Fun Facts