The Plus-que- Parfait
Is used to talk about what someone had done or what had occurred before another past action, event or state. Like the passĂ© composé the Pluperfect uses a form of avoir or ĂȘtre - in this case, the imparfait - plus a past participle.Â
Voter - to vote
j'avais voté
tu avais voté
il/elle avait voté
nous avions voté
vous aviez voté
ils/elles avaient voté
Finir- to finish
j'avais /étais fini
tu avais /étais fini
il/elle avait /était fini/fini/finie
nous avions /étions fini/finis
vous aviez /étiez fini/finis
ils/elles avaient /étaient fini/finis/finies
Nous lui avons dit quâHollande avait gagnĂ© les Ă©lections.Â
We told her that HOllande had won the election
LâaccusĂ© sourait parce que les juges ne lâavaient pas mis en prison.Â
The accused was smiling because the judges had not put him in prison.Â
The verbs of motion that take ĂȘtre instead of avoir as the auxiliary verb in the passĂ© composĂ©. Use the imparfait of ĂȘtre to form the plu-que- parfait of such verbs and make the past participle agree with the subject.Â
Les avocats ne savaient pas que vous étiez déjà partie.
the lawyers didnât know that you had already left
On a découvert que les victimes étaient mortes à la suite de leurs blessures.
They discovered that the victims had died of their injuries.Â
Use the imparfait of ĂȘtre as the auxiliary for reflexive and reciprocal verbs. Make agreement whenever you would do so for the passĂ© composĂ©Â
Avant le dĂźner, le prĂ©sident et sa femme sÂŽĂ©taient levĂ©s pour recevoir les invitĂ©s.Â
In all other cases as well, agreement of past participles in the plus-que-parfait follows the same rules in the passé composé
La police a trouvĂ© les armes quâil avait cachĂ©es.Â
the police found the weapons that he had hidden
Le prĂ©sident a signĂ© la loi que le congrĂšs avait approuvĂ©e.Â
The president signed the law that the congress had passed.Â
Use the plus-que-parfait to emphasize that something happened in the past before something else happened. use the passĂ© composĂ© to describe completed events in the more recent past and the imparfait to describe ongoing or habitual actions in the more recent past.Â
action in remote past....connected action in recent past
Lâactiviste nâavait pas fini de parler quand vous avez coupĂ© le micro
the activist hadnât finished talking when you cut off the mic.Â
ongoing action in recent past... action in remote past.Â
Il y a avait des drapeaux partout parce que le prĂ©sident Ă©tait arrivĂ© la veille.Â
There were flags everywhere because the president had arrived the day before.Â
The plus-que-parfait is also used after the word si to mean if only...(something else had taken place). it expresses regret.Â
Si jâavais su que tu avais un plan
If only I had known you had a map
Si seulement il nâĂ©tait pas arrivĂ© en retard.
If only he hadn arrived lateÂ
To say that something had just happened in the past, use a form of venir in the imparfait + de+ the infinitive of the verb that describes the action
Je venais de raccrocher quand le tĂ©lĂ©phone a sonnĂ© de nouveau.Â
I had just hung up when the phone rang again.Â
Le prĂ©sident venait de signer lâaccord quand on a entendu lâexplosion.Â
the president had jsut signed the treaty when we heard the explosion.Â
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