#player behaviour

Keywords: Grinding, Video Gaming, Game Design, Player Engagement, Psychological Manipulation

Abstract:

This paper scrutinizes the utilization of "grinding" as a technique in video game design, particularly as a method of psychological manipulation that affects player engagement and behaviour. Case studies are explored to deliver a comprehensive understanding of the practical application of grinding and its implications, all from a product design viewpoint.

Introduction:

The design principles governing video games frequently incorporate mechanisms intended to stimulate player engagement and prolong interaction time. One such prevalent mechanism is "grinding," defined as the practice of executing repetitive tasks within the game environment to achieve specific objectives. While grinding can evoke a sense of achievement, it also carries the potential to induce exhaustion and frustration among players. This study endeavours to explore the intricacies of grinding, its role in game design, and its influence on player experience.

Explanation:

Coined from the concept of persistently "grinding away" at a task, the term "grinding" in the gaming context implies the undertaking of repetitive actions by a player to attain certain results or to advance within the game. In numerous instances, such actions may not directly correlate with the game's primary storyline or objectives but are aimed at accumulating experience points, in-game currency, or specialized items.

Grinding is an omnipresent component across a vast array of game genres, with its prominence notably manifested in Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games (MMORPGs). In these games, the player's progression and performance are often gauged based on their character's level, skills, and available equipment.

From the standpoint of game design, grinding assumes several roles. It serves to extend the game's lifespan by instituting goals that necessitate substantial time investment. Additionally, it fosters a sense of accomplishment and progression and can encourage social interaction in multiplayer environments. Despite these advantages, critics contend that grinding can lead to monotonous and ungratifying gameplay experiences. The considerable time commitment required by grinding may propel some players towards purchasing in-game enhancements using real-world money, thereby generating additional revenue for game developers.

Further, there is an ongoing discourse concerning the psychological implications of grinding. Its repetitive and rewarding nature might precipitate addictive behaviours and excessive consumption of time, mirroring the effects typically associated with gambling disorders. Through the exploration of these aspects, we aim to shed light on the complex dynamics of grinding in the context of modern video gaming.

Grinding in Gaming: Conceptualization and Design

Grinding typically refers to the act of performing repetitive actions in a game to attain a specific goal, often associated with levelling up, obtaining items, or advancing in-game skills. Although it can give players a sense of progression, it can also serve as a roadblock, encouraging players to consider alternative paths to progress, such as microtransactions.

Case Study: World of Warcraft

Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft (WoW) extensively employs grinding. Players often engage in repetitive tasks like fighting the same enemies, repeatedly battling against non-player characters (NPCs), or completing the same quests to increase their character's level, to gain experience points, in-game currency, or rare items. This grind contributes to a sense of achievement but has also been criticized for sometimes leading to a tedious gameplay experience.

Case Study: Candy Crush Saga

King's Candy Crush Saga uses grinding as a monetization strategy. As players progress and levels become harder, the option to grind through the game becomes more attractive. Alternatively, players can buy power-ups and boosters to surpass the grind, effectively translating grinding mechanics into revenue for the game developers.

Case Study: Destiny 2

This game provides an example of a 'loot grind.' Players repeatedly complete activities like strikes, raids, or public events to earn 'engrams' – randomized gear drops. The goal is often to collect more powerful gear to increase a character's power level.

Case Study: Old School RuneScape 

In this MMORPG, players might grind by repetitively performing tasks like mining, fishing, or woodcutting. These actions, though monotonous, boost the player's skill levels, enabling them to perform new tasks, quests, or create new items.

Implications for Game Design

Grinding, while a tool to extend game playtime and potentially drive monetization, must be thoughtfully implemented to avoid player fatigue or burnout. Game designers should strike a balance between meaningful progression and repetitive grind, ensuring the game remains engaging and satisfying.

Conclusion

Grinding, as a mechanism of psychological manipulation in video game design, can greatly impact player behaviour and engagement. Striking a balance between challenge, satisfaction, and repetition is vital to ensure a rewarding gameplay experience. As the video game industry advances, it will be intriguing to observe the evolution and refinement of grinding mechanisms and their psychological impact on players.

References:

Sicart, M. (2013). Grinding in Games: Understanding the Appeal. Philosophy of Computer Games Conference, 8-11.

Hamari, J., Alha, K., Järvelä, S., Kivikangas, J. M., Koivisto, J., & Paavilainen, J. (2017). Why do players buy in-game content? An empirical study on concrete purchase motivations. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 538-546. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.045

Blizzard Entertainment. (2004). World of Warcraft [Video Game]. Blizzard Entertainment.

King. (2012). Candy Crush Saga [Video Game]. King.

Bungie. (2017). Destiny 2 [Video Game]. Activision.

Jagex. (2013). Old School RuneScape [Video Game]. Jagex.

Yee, N. (2006). Motivations of play in online games. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 9(6), 772-775. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.772

Johnson, M. R., & Woodcock, J. (2019). The impacts of live streaming and Twitch.tv on the video game industry. Media, Culture & Society, 41(5), 670-688. doi:10.1177/0163443718818363

King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. (2010). Video game structural characteristics: A new psychological taxonomy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 90-106. doi:10.1007/s11469-009-9206-4

Keywords: Gacha Mechanics, Gaming Industry, Psycho-Manipulation, Player Behavior, Case Studies

Abstract:

This research paper delves into the intricate relationship between game design and psychology, with a concentrated focus on 'Gacha' mechanics prevalent in the gaming sector. Originating from Japanese toy vending machines, the Gacha system has grown to be a powerful tool in shaping player behaviour. The paper illuminates the conceptual framework underlying Gacha mechanics, emphasizing its capabilities in manipulating player actions and decisions. Through an exhaustive examination, this study presents a detailed understanding of its psycho-manipulative attributes and supports its findings with specific case studies from the gaming industry. The work serves as a comprehensive exploration of the influence and ramifications of Gacha mechanics in contemporary game design.

Introduction:

The Gacha system, inspired by Japanese toy vending machines, stands as a hallmark strategy in the contemporary gaming industry. Fundamental to its design is the 'loot box' principle, where players invest financially with hopes of securing a randomized item, the allure of which varies in rarity. Beyond mere chance-based rewards, this mechanic intriguingly intersects with deep-rooted psychological tendencies, captivating human desires for unpredictable outcomes and rewards. Such mechanics are not mere playful inclusions; they strategically bolster player retention and significantly influence revenue streams. As the following sections will expound upon, the Gacha system is much more than a gaming novelty; it carries potent psycho-manipulative attributes. Through a detailed exploration, this paper seeks to unravel the underlying psychological tenets that grant Gacha mechanics their notable efficacy, further enriching the discourse with industry-specific case studies that spotlight its transformative impact.

Theoretical Foundation of Gacha Mechanics:

Gacha mechanics, now pervasive in the gaming industry, find their roots in the foundational theories of behavioral psychology, particularly the principles outlined by B.F. Skinner concerning operant conditioning. Delving deeper into the theoretical underpinnings of Gacha mechanics, we encounter an alignment with Skinner's variable-ratio schedule—a schedule of reinforcement wherein responses are reinforced after an unpredictable number of responses. This unpredictable nature of reinforcement, as Skinner posited, leads to high rates of response, which persists even in the sporadic or even absent delivery of rewards.

Such a system bears stark resemblance to the operations of Gacha mechanics in games. For instance, in "Fire Emblem Heroes," players use virtual currency—either organically accrued within the game or procured through real-world monetary transactions—to obtain randomized characters. The exhilaration associated with acquiring a rare and formidable character, with its inherent unpredictability, mirrors the principles of gambling, a pursuit universally acknowledged for its addictive qualities. Drawing a parallel, "Genshin Impact" deploys a similar methodology, allowing players to utilize Primogems, the in-game currency, to secure weapons or characters, each acquisition bearing its own element of unpredictability and potential reward.

In essence, these game designs intricately weave the principles of operant conditioning into their fabric, utilizing the powerful allure of unpredictable rewards to foster player engagement. Such mechanisms, grounded in well-established psychological theories, underscore the reason for the profound addictiveness and wide-reaching success of Gacha-based games in contemporary gaming culture.

The Psychological Framework of Gacha Mechanics:

Gacha mechanics can be analysed through the lens of operant conditioning, specifically Skinner's variable-ratio reinforcement schedule. This schedule, characterized by delivering rewards after an unpredictable number of responses, results in a high response rate and resistance to extinction. This parallels the randomized reward mechanism in Gacha systems, which fosters a sense of persistent anticipation and engagement in players.

The Psycho-Manipulative Dimension:

The realm of Gacha mechanics, deeply entrenched in the gaming industry, employs an array of psychologically manipulative strategies designed to maintain player engagement and promote continued monetary investments. Central to this design are mechanisms such as the 'near-miss effect and the 'sunk cost' fallacy, which, when operationalized, tap into core human cognitive tendencies.

The 'near-miss effect is particularly intriguing. It is inextricably tied to the psychological construct of cognitive dissonance, a state wherein players, upon achieving an outcome tantalizingly close to the desired result, experience a tension between expectation and reality. This tension acts as a catalyst, driving players towards further attempts in the game with the hope of reconciling their near victories with an eventual success. The result is an increased commitment, both in terms of time and financial resources.

Complementing this is the 'sunk cost fallacy.' Here, players, having already invested significant amounts into the game, feel compelled to continue their engagement and expenditure to justify their prior commitments. Rather than cutting losses and ceasing further investment, the players become ensnared in a self-perpetuating cycle, driven by the rationale that prior investments must not be rendered futile.

In synthesizing these observations, it becomes evident that Gacha mechanics do not operate in isolation. Instead, they deftly intertwine with key psychological processes, cultivating an environment where players are subtly steered towards continued engagement and, more critically, perpetual investment.

Further Psychological Aspects:

The Zeigarnik effect, where people remember uncompleted tasks better than completed ones, also fuels Gacha mechanics. Incomplete character collections or unachieved rarities compel players to persist. Moreover, the endowed progress effect, where players are more motivated if they perceive they've made some progress, is strategically utilized by Gacha games, often providing a few free pulls or easy-to-earn currencies early on.

Ethical Considerations and Policy Implications:

Gacha mechanics, while undeniably advantageous for bolstering the financial health of gaming companies, stand at the crossroads of significant ethical dilemmas. At the heart of this quandary is their inherent resemblance to gambling paradigms, a feature that holds the potential to cultivate and reinforce addictive tendencies. Such mechanics, with their random reward structures, might not only be captivating but also perilous, especially when considering vulnerable demographics such as minors. Given these potent implications, it is imperative to not only recognize but also proactively address these ethical challenges. As underscored in this paper, there emerges a pressing necessity for the formulation and enforcement of comprehensive regulations and industry-wide norms. Such initiatives would not only safeguard the interests of players but also act as a bulwark against the possible misuse and overextension of these mechanics. In framing these policies, special emphasis should be placed on mitigating potential harm, with particular attention directed towards safeguarding vulnerable populations like minors from the more deleterious influences of Gacha systems.

Case Studies from the Gaming Industry:

Case Study 1: Fire Emblem Heroes

In "Fire Emblem Heroes," the use of the Gacha system has resulted in a highly engaged player base. Players use virtual currency to summon random heroes, with rarer heroes having lower chances of being pulled. The uncertainty of outcomes has been linked to elevated dopamine levels in the brain, thereby creating a pleasurable feedback loop that reinforces the purchase behaviour.

Case Study 2: Genshin Impact

"Genshin Impact" applies Gacha mechanics through its 'Wish' system. The game periodically introduces limited-time banners that allow players to 'wish' for specific characters or weapons. This scarcity principle, combined with the randomized outcomes, effectively exploits the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) and the desire for exclusivity.

Conclusion:

The Gacha mechanics, deeply rooted within the gaming industry, provide a captivating examination of the confluence of gaming, psychology, and consumer tendencies. This intricate interface goes beyond mere game dynamics, delving into potent revenue-generation avenues while simultaneously raising poignant questions about ethical dimensions and the need for considered regulations within game design. Through an in-depth exploration encompassing theoretical frameworks, real-world applications, and pertinent case studies, this paper has furnished a comprehensive panorama of the Gacha system. Notably, its psycho-manipulative capabilities underscore the dynamic's capacity to both enthral and influence player behaviour. As the research suggests, while the Gacha mechanics illuminate potential avenues for substantial profitability, they concurrently evoke urgent deliberations on the ethical frontiers of game design. Thus, a profound understanding and judicious navigation of these mechanics remain pivotal, ensuring a harmonious reconciliation of business imperatives with paramount player welfare.

References:

Anderson, C. A., & Dill, K. E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of personality and social psychology, 78(4), 772.

King, D., Delfabbro, P., & Griffiths, M. (2010). Video game structural characteristics: A new psychological taxonomy. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 8(1), 90-106.

Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2012). Internet gaming addiction: A systematic review of empirical research. International journal of mental health and addiction, 10(2), 278-296.

Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., Murayama, K., Lynch, M. F., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). The ideal self at play: The appeal of video games that let you be all you can be. Psychological Science, 23(1), 69-76.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York: Macmillan.

Suits, B. (1978). The Grasshopper: Games, Life, and Utopia. University of Toronto Press.

Hamari, J., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2010). Game design as marketing: How game mechanics create demand for virtual goods. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management, 5(1), 14-29.

Festinger, L. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. California: Stanford University Press.

Thaler, R. (1980). Toward a positive theory of consumer choice. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 1(1), 39-60.

Zhang, P., & Ren, J. (2019). How gacha design influences the player experience in mobile games. CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems Proceedings.

Hamari, J. (2019). Loot boxes are again linked to problem gambling: Results of a replication study. PLOS ONE, 14(3), e0213194.

Macey, J., & Hamari, J. (2018). Investigating relationships between video gaming, spectating esports, and gambling. Computers in Human Behavior, 80, 344-353.

Keywords: Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment, DDA, Video Gaming, Game Design, Player Behaviour

Abstract:

This paper delves into the mechanics of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA) as a technique used in video game design. DDA serves as a sophisticated tool to subtly manipulate player behaviour and engagement. Through a close examination of case studies, we seek to provide an in-depth understanding of this technique's application and implications from a product design standpoint.

Introduction:

To maintain player engagement, the gaming industry often resorts to various psychological techniques. One such technique is Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment (DDA), a design practice that dynamically modifies the difficulty level of a game to match the player's skill level. This paper aims to explore the intricacies of DDA, emphasizing its application and potential implications within game design.

Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in Gaming: Conceptualization and Design

DDA involves the automatic tuning of game difficulty based on the player's skill level, aiming to strike a balance between challenge and accessibility. By monitoring player performance and adjusting the game's difficulty in response, game designers can keep the game challenging enough to be engaging, but not so difficult as to be frustrating.

DDA can manifest in various forms, from adjusting enemy AI and modifying game parameters to altering resource availability or providing player assistance. These adjustments are typically made in the background, often unbeknownst to the player.

Case Study: Left 4 Dead

Valve's Left 4 Dead series offers a well-known example of DDA in action. The game features an AI "Director" that adjusts the difficulty and intensity of gameplay in real-time, based on the players' current situation, health, skill level, and pace. The Director can spawn more or fewer enemies, provide resources, or change environmental conditions, providing a tailored gaming experience to maintain player engagement.

Case Study: Candy Crush Saga

King's Candy Crush Saga leverages DDA by monitoring player progression and adjusting level difficulty. If a player is stuck on a level for an extended period, the game will subtly make the level easier, allowing the player to progress and thus maintaining their engagement with the game.

Implications for Game Design

While DDA is an effective tool for maintaining player engagement, its application must be handled delicately. It is crucial to preserve a game's challenge and player agency, avoiding scenarios where players feel their actions have little impact on the game outcome. Additionally, transparent communication about the use of DDA can help to avoid player frustration or confusion.

Conclusion

The application of Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment in video game design presents an intriguing method for guiding player behaviour and optimizing engagement. As the industry evolves, it will be insightful to observe how DDA and similar techniques will be refined and ethically integrated into game design, balancing player engagement with a fair and rewarding gaming experience.

References:

Alexander, L. (2014). Dynamic difficulty adjustment isn't cheating, it's proof you're doing well. Gamasutra. Retrieved from: https://www.gamasutra.com/view/news/218460/Dynamic_difficulty_adjustment_isnt_cheating_its_proof_youre_doing_well.php

Andrade, G., Ramalho, G., Santana, H., & Corruble, V. (2005). Extending reinforcement learning to provide dynamic game balancing. In Workshop on Reasoning, Representation, and Learning in Computer Games (pp. 111-116).

Chen, J. (2007). Flow in games (and everything else). Communications of the ACM, 50(4), 31-34.

Hunicke, R. (2005). The case for dynamic difficulty adjustment in games. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in computer entertainment technology (pp. 429-433).

Lee, Y. H., & Wohn, D. Y. (2012). Are there cultural differences in how we play? Examining cultural effects on playing social network games. Computers in Human Behavior, 28(4), 1307-1314.

Missura, O., & Gärtner, T. (2009). Player modeling for intelligent difficulty adjustment. In 2009 12th International Conference on Discovery Science (pp. 197-211). Springer.

Sweetser, P., & Wyeth, P. (2005). GameFlow: a model for evaluating player enjoyment in games. Computers in Entertainment (CIE), 3(3), 3-3.

Zagal, J. P., Björk, S., & Lewis, C. (2013). Dark patterns in the design of games. In Foundations of Digital Games.

Keywords: Artificial Scarcity, Video Gaming, Game Design, Player Behaviour, Psychological Manipulation

Abstract:

This paper explores the concept of artificial scarcity and its strategic utilization in video game design. As a psychological manipulation technique, artificial scarcity significantly influences player behaviours and decisions, shaping engagement patterns. Detailed case studies provide a comprehensive understanding of this principle's deployment and its implications, illustrating the concept from a product design perspective.

Introduction:

Video game design often leverages psychological techniques to promote player engagement and monetization. Artificial scarcity, a concept widely recognized in marketing and economics, has also found its way into the gaming industry, shaping player behaviours and enhancing game dynamics. This paper aims to investigate the intricate applications and implications of artificial scarcity in the world of gaming.

Artificial Scarcity in Gaming: Conceptualization and Design

Artificial scarcity refers to the deliberate restriction of the availability of certain items or experiences. In gaming, this can take form through limited-time events, exclusive in-game items, or special characters, all available for a certain period or in limited quantities. By creating an illusion of scarcity, game designers can invoke a sense of urgency, encouraging players to engage more with the game or make in-game purchases.

Case Study: Fortnite

Epic Games' Fortnite effectively employs artificial scarcity with its "Battle Pass" system. Each season introduces exclusive rewards, skins, and emotes, available only for a limited duration. Once the season ends, these items become unavailable, making them coveted assets and driving player engagement and in-game purchases.

Case Study: Pokémon GO

Niantic's Pokémon GO capitalizes on artificial scarcity through its limited-time events where certain Pokémon species become temporarily available. The game also features "shiny" Pokémon - rare, alternate-color versions of regular Pokémon. These scarce entities inspire players to participate more actively in events and hunt more diligently, driving continuous engagement.

Implications for Game Design

While artificial scarcity can be a powerful tool to drive engagement and monetization, it's crucial for game designers to be mindful of its potential impacts. Overuse of this technique could lead to player fatigue or even resentment. As such, game designers must carefully balance the use of artificial scarcity with the overall player experience and game economy.

Conclusion

The use of artificial scarcity in video game design offers a potent mechanism for influencing player behaviour and enhancing game dynamics. However, the careful and ethical deployment of this principle is crucial to prevent negative player experiences and maintain game balance. As the gaming industry continues to evolve, it will be interesting to observe how artificial scarcity and similar psychological principles are effectively and ethically integrated into the design of enjoyable, engaging gaming experiences.

References:

Crawford, G., & Gosling, V. K. (2009). More than a game: The computer game as fictional form. Manchester University Press.

Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., & Nacke, L. (2011, May). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining "gamification". In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments (pp. 9-15). ACM.

Hamari, J., & Lehdonvirta, V. (2010). Game design as marketing: How game mechanics create demand for virtual goods. International Journal of Business Science & Applied Management, 5(1), 14-29.

Lewis-Evans, B. (2018). A brief overview of the psychological literature on in-game purchases. International Journal of Serious Games, 5(3), 37-48.

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Nacke, L. E., & Deterding, S. (2017). The maturing of gamification research. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 450-454.

Peitz, M., & Waelbroeck, P. (2006). Why the music industry may gain from free downloading: the role of sampling. International Journal of Industrial Organization, 24(5), 907-913.

Sicart, M. (2008). Defining game mechanics. Game Studies, 8(2), 1-14.

Wu, M. (2011). The core drivers of gamification. Customer Engagement, 6, 15-17.

Keywords: Sunk Cost Fallacy, Video Game Design, Player Behaviour, Psychological Manipulation, Game Engagement, In-Game Purchases, World of Warcraft, Clash of Clans, Game Progression, Ethical Implications, Gaming Addiction, Monetization, Product Design, Long-term Game Commitments, Psychological Principles in Gaming

Abstract:

This paper explores the concept of the sunk cost fallacy and its application within the realm of video game design. As a form of psychological manipulation, the sunk cost fallacy can significantly influence player behaviours and decisions. Through an in-depth study of specific examples, we provide a comprehensive understanding of this principle's deployment and implications from a product design standpoint.

Introduction:

The rapidly evolving landscape of the video game industry continuously leverages psychological principles to drive user engagement and monetization. One such principle, the sunk cost fallacy, has increasingly gained relevance due to its powerful influence on player behaviour. This paper explores the intricacies of the sunk cost fallacy in gaming, elucidating its application and implications for both game designers and players.

Sunk Cost Fallacy in Gaming: Conceptualization and Design

The sunk cost fallacy refers to the human propensity to continue an endeavour once an investment in time, money, or effort has been made, even when the endeavour is no longer beneficial. In gaming, this can manifest through mechanisms like ongoing game progression, in-game purchases, or long-term game commitments.

Progressive games, where players advance through levels or achieve incremental upgrades, capitalize on the sunk cost fallacy by creating a sense of loss if the player discontinues the game. Similarly, in-game purchases, especially those enhancing player ability or status, can foster a sense of commitment and deter players from discontinuing their engagement.

Case Study: World of Warcraft

Blizzard Entertainment's World of Warcraft provides an excellent example of the sunk cost fallacy in action. Players invest significant amounts of time levelling up their characters and progressing through the game. This investment often leads players to continue playing, even when they may no longer find the game enjoyable or beneficial, due to the fear of wasting their previous investment.

Case Study: Clash of Clans

Supercell's Clash of Clans employs the sunk cost fallacy through its base-building mechanic and time-investment gameplay. Players invest considerable time and often real-world money to upgrade their base, train troops, and progress through the game. This investment leads to a reluctance to discontinue the game, even in the face of diminishing enjoyment, reflecting the sunk cost fallacy.

Implications for Game Design

While the sunk cost fallacy can be a potent tool for driving player engagement and in-game purchases, game designers need to be mindful of the potential ethical implications. Exploiting this principle can lead to situations where players feel obligated to continue playing, potentially leading to gaming addiction or financial issues. Designers must balance the drive for player engagement with promoting healthy gaming habits.

Conclusion

The application of the sunk cost fallacy in video game design presents a compelling mechanism for influencing player behaviour and enhancing game engagement. However, the ethical implications of this technique necessitate careful consideration and a responsible approach to game design. As the video game industry continues to innovate and evolve, it will be intriguing to observe how psychological principles like the sunk cost fallacy are utilized in an ethical and balanced manner.

References:

Arkes, H.R., & Blumer, C. (1985). The psychology of sunk cost. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 35(1), 124-140.

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Blizzard Entertainment. (2004). World of Warcraft. [Video Game]. United States.

Supercell. (2012). Clash of Clans. [Video Game]. Helsinki, Finland.

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Keywords: Social Pressure, Video Gaming, Game Design, Player Behaviour, Social Gaming

Abstract:

This scholarly paper delves into the intricacies of social pressure as a tool for psychological manipulation in video game design. It emphasizes the diverse applications and implications of social pressure in manipulating player behaviour, fostering engagement, and enhancing monetization. Detailed case studies provide a comprehensive understanding of the deployment of this technique, illustrating the concept from a product designer's viewpoint.

Introduction:

The modern gaming landscape has undergone a significant transformation with the rise of social gaming. The incorporation of social elements within games, coupled with the widespread adoption of social media platforms, has paved the way for a new form of player manipulation - social pressure. This paper aims to explore the exploitation of social pressure in video games, focusing on its application, implications, and ethical considerations.

Social Pressure in Gaming: Conceptualization and Design

Social pressure, in the context of gaming, refers to the influence exerted by peers or the wider gaming community on an individual player's actions, decisions, and experiences. This can manifest in various ways, from cooperative gameplay mechanics, peer comparisons, and social rewards, to public leaderboards and shared achievements.

Cooperative gameplay mechanics often involve tasks that require teamwork, creating pressure on individual players to perform and contribute. Peer comparisons, in which players' in-game achievements are made visible to others, can also create a competitive environment, encouraging players to play more or even make in-game purchases to keep up with their peers. Social rewards and recognition provide positive reinforcement, driving players to perform certain actions or engage more with the game.

Case Study: Among Us

In the indie game Among Us, social pressure is utilized as a core gameplay mechanic. Players must debate and vote on who they suspect is an imposter, creating a high-pressure social environment where persuasion, manipulation, and consensus building are critical. Players often feel pressure to conform to group decisions or risk being cast out, reflecting real-world social dynamics.

Case Study: Clash Royale

Supercell's Clash Royale capitalizes on social pressure through its clan system. Players can join clans and participate in clan wars, where their individual performance contributes to the overall success of the clan. Public leaderboards within the clan further fuel competition, creating a social pressure to continuously engage with the game and perform well.

Implications for Game Design

Understanding and leveraging social pressure can be a powerful tool for game designers. However, ethical considerations must be central to its deployment. Excessive pressure can lead to player stress, negative experiences, and toxic community environments. Designers must thus aim to strike a balance, creating engaging social experiences that motivate rather than alienate players.

Conclusion

The exploitation of social pressure in video game design has proven to be a potent tool for influencing player behaviour and fostering engagement. Nevertheless, careful attention must be given to the potential psychological impact on players and the creation of a supportive, inclusive community. As the gaming industry continues to evolve, the ethical application of social pressure and other psychological principles will be pivotal to designing enjoyable and healthy gaming experiences.

References:

Anderson, C.A., & Dill, K.E. (2000). Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(4), 772-790.

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It’s not within A’s power to control B’s behaviour short of not having B watch their matches.

Sport's Fan Poll: Player Behaviour and Punishment #sport #playerbehaviour #poll

Yesterday, Queensland Reds player Karmichael Hunt pleaded guilty to the possession an illegal drug and was punished both under the criminal justice system and by the Queensland Reds.  The punishment received by Hunt from the Reds has been widely debated.  Interestingly, the views of among my circle of family and friends are completely divergent from those of people that I follow on social media. …